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Digestion

What is the purpose?

Carbohydrates

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

[major energy source]

Mouth

Proteins

amino acids

[minor energy source, major building block]

  • mechanical digestion begins here

[major energy source, major building block]

fatty acids and glycerol

Lipids

  • ingested food is pushed from the mouth by the tongue into the esophagus

Also absorbed: various vitamins and minerals and water

The Digestive System

Salivary Glands

  • chemical digestion is started by amylase, the enzyme present in saliva
  • it breaks carbohydrates into polysaccharides and disaccharides

Types of Digestion:

Intracellular Digestion

Intracellular Digestion

  • There is no digestive activity
  • cells take in and break down their own food

Extracellular Digestion (with no true digestive system)

L

  • Salivary Glands
  • found in sponges

Esophagus

Extracellular Digestion (with a true digestive system)

  • the straight tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach and is 25cm in length.
  • Duodenum
  • Esophagus

I

A

Extracellular Digestion (true digestive system)

  • digestive cavity or tube (serves as mouth and anus)
  • gastrovascular cavity with no specialization
  • wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis move food to the stomach
  • Ex. jellyfish, flatworms
  • Stomach

C

  • Appendix

H

  • produces pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and digestive enzymes

Complete Digestive System

  • Small Intestine

E

  • two openings (mouth and anus)
  • mostly one way passage of food
  • mixes with a churning action
  • largest gland in the body
  • digestive tract (alimentary canal) usually broken into specialized regions
  • largest internal organ
  • produces bile, which is stored in the gall bladder
  • Ex. earthworms, vertebrates
  • bile breaks down fat into droplets
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder

J

K

  • produces an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acid in the stomach
  • 7-8 meters in length
  • inner wall lined with villi

D

  • Pancreas
  • Reabsorbs water and minerals into the blood
  • transmits waste products to accumulate as feces in the rectum, which are then expelled from the body through the anus

F

  • Large Intestine
  • absorb nutrients through walls
  • produces enzymes for digestion
  • Bile Duct

B

G

  • Rectum
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