Introduzione
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Ricerche popolari
The first of the crusades began in 1095, when multiple armies comprised of pure Christians complied to Pope Urban II's pleas to wage war against the Muslim forces occupying the Holy Land. The Christian armies marched into Jerusalem, conquered the Muslim army and captured the city in 1099, ending the first Crusade. The Muslim forces swore to return, to fight another day...
There were seven Crusades in all, each resulting in win and losses of various degrees. All of them had to do with some type of religious persecution (the Crusaders being Western Christians, and their enemies being mostly of a Jewish or Muslim background) and all of them ended with mid-to-heavy casualties on either side.
The final Crusade ended with the rise of Reformation and the decline of papal authority. It took nearly two centuries for the Age of the Crusade to end.
After a very bloody battle between the Crusaders of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Egypt, the Third Crusade begun, sparked by the outrage of the Crusaders over their subsequent defeats in Cairo and Hattin (and Egypt, in general; humiliating, considering their objective was to capture the country).
In a nutshell, the Crusades are the same thing: Crusaders pick a fight with someone, they go at it for a few years, then the loser gives up. HOWEVER! This Crusade actually ended with a peace treaty between Jerusalem and Egypt! How about that?
Having achieved their goal in a very short period of time, most of the Crusaders packed up and left for home, leaving behind just enough Crusaders to create and govern what they dubbed "Crusader States". These states were in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli.
The Second Crusade began in 1147 with the authorization of King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany. Most of Conrad's army was crushed at the first battle, located at Dorylaeum, so the two Kings merged their armies at Jerusalem and marched on Damascus. Despite their massive numbers, the Muslim forces dealt a humiliating defeat to the Crusaders, effectively ending the Second Crusade.