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In early Greece each town could produce enough crops for everyone in their town. As the population grew they had to import grains. Athens started importing their grain from Russia.
After 750 BCE, because of as shortage of agriculture alot of the towns became colonized.
The reason they did not have much agriculture was because the hot summer's made their soil very dry and hard to grow crops in. The crops they did grow they often used for trade.
Their most important crops were olives and grapes, they were used to make olive oil and wine.
The olive trees were considered valuable because it took 16 years before they were mature enough to produce a harvest.
Once the grapes were harvested they were placed in a wine press. The wine press had low walls and a sloping floor.Then the grapes were stomped on by people and the juice went down the floor and drained into large jars.Once the jars were full they were left to ferment into wine
The first way of farming was the biennial system. Every other year they would cultivate a field and leave it the next.
Other agricultural activities of the Greeks were stockbreeding and market gardening. On the plain of Thessaly is where most of the stockbreeding took place.
In the earlier portion of ancient Greece things were made and sold on a smaller scale. The items that were built by craftspeople in a town were sold to the other residents of the community. Each town would have its own potters, weavers, and metalworkers. These skills would be passed down through a family from generation to generation.
As the Greek towns began to increase in population the demand for food also began to grow. As a result of the demand for food the people began to make goods that could be traded for food. When this occurred many cities became known for a certain good.
Examples of this are:
Corinth = metalwork
Miletus = woolen textiles and furniture
Megara = fine cloaks
Athens = fine painted pottery
Mining and stone quarrying were two of the major industries of ancient Greece.
In their quarries the Greeks mostly found limestone. They also mined gold, silver and marble. The finest stone they mined was the marble of Mount Pentelicun near Athens.
Slaves were often the ones that mined the quarries. The underground passageways were so low that they had to work on their hands and knees or back.
After colonization shipping became very important to the city-states of ancient Greece.
Athens built a fleet of ships to help transport export products and bring back food supplies. Athens also built a great navy to protect their merchant fleet.
Water transport in ancient times was very slow at times and dangerous due to storms, especially winter. Pirates also had a huge afffect on water transport.
Most Greeks states used coins called Drachma as their medium of exchange. Mesopotamians and Egyptians most likely introduced the Greeks to the idea of coins as currency.
There was a great deal of trade beyond the Greek world, merchants sailed to every corner of the mediterranean and even beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. They traded in Gibraltar with Spanish tribes and they bought corn from the Black Sea, also bought perfumesand spices from the Levant.
Current grade ten history textboook
http://maggiesfarm.anotherdotcom.com/archives/8989-A-brief-history-of-currency.html
http://www.wysinfo.com/Perfume/Perfume_history.htm
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/art/pottery/blackfigure.htm
Later on they had a 3 field system. They planted a different crop in each field and every year they would rotate the different crops.