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External fixation is a surgical treatment used to stabilize bone and soft tissues at a distance from the operative or injury focus. They provide unobstructed access to the relevant skeletal and soft tissue structures for their initial assessment and also for secondary interventions needed to restore bone continuity and a functional soft tissue cover.
Initial External fixator has been effective and can be one of the choice of fixation in open fractures of tibia especially in comminuted and severe Gustilo-Anderson type III injury, provides adequate stability as there were predictably moderate to good bone and functional results .
Simple fixator
Clamp fixator
A. Primary fracture healing:
occur only when there is anatomic restoration of the fracture fragments and when the stability of fracture reduction is ensured by rigid internal fixation and a substantial decrease in inter fragmentary strain.
B. Secondary fracture healing:
Occur only when fractures are treated with a form of management that results in some degree of motion (sling immobilization, cast immobilization, external fixation, intramedullary fixation).
Occurs by formation of immature bone which is called callus, followed by mature, lamellar bone.
Secondary fracture healing consists of three stages: an inflammatory stage, a reparative stage, and a remodeling stage.