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What does chronological mean?

A record of events listed in the order that they happened.

In order of time

In sequence

Put these events in the order that they happened to you today…

I went to college

I fell out of bed

I woke up

I went to my first lesson

Photography Study

Getting started

Photography Timeline

Important Dates and Events in the History of Photography

Pepper No 30 (1930) by Edward Weston

http://www.cycleback.com/photoguide/dags.html

Course Objectives

Introduction to Photography

Objective i): Explore history and development of photography and how it all began.

AO1 – Develop ideas through sustained and focused investigation, informed by contextual and other sources.

AO2 – Experiment with appropriate resources, materials, media and material, analysing, evaluating and showing understanding of purpose, meaning and content.

AO3 – Record in visual and other forms, observations, experiences, ideas and information appropriate to intentions

AO4 – Presentation of a personal and coherent response to the given brief, successfully realising intentions and including a summative evaluation.

The Daguerreotype

This simply means…

What does chronological mean?

A record of events listed in the order that they happened.

In order of time

In sequence

Louis Daguerre (1787-1851) was a French artist and chemist he worked at a similar time to Niépce and so collaborated until Niépce’s death.

They worked on a system that exposed copper plates within the camera obscura and developed them using mercury fumes

This was developed further into a system whereby silver coated copper plates were used in a box containing iodine, when exposed to light the silver reacts with the iodine fumes to create silver iodide which is light sensitive. This plate is then exposed in a camera obscura and developed using mercury fumes.

AO1 – Research and evaluate and reflect.

AO2 – Experiment with ideas and materials.

AO3 – Keep visual records of your project as it develops.

AO4 – Present a final piece that has developed from all your previous work.

Practice in pairs.

Think of 6 interesting events that have happened to you in your life.

Share them with your partner.

Your partner must record your 6 events in chronological order in a VISUAL way

The Birth of Photography:

Taken by Louis Daguerre 1837

Photography Timeline

Important Dates and Events in the History of Photography

Photography was first developed by scientists working in the 19th Century in France and London.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1767-1833) started to create images with the camera obscura by using substances that are sensitive to light

He called this “sun drawing”

Aristotle (384 to 322 BCE)

Mozi (Mo-Ti) - Chinese Philosopher - 470 to 390 BCE

©Mario Testino

Before Photography

Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965 in Basra – c. 1040 in Cairo)

View from the Window at Le Gras, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce 1825 or 1827

The first surviving mention of the principles behind the Camera Obscura belongs to Mozi (Mo-Ti) He referred to this camera as a "collecting plate" or "locked treasure room".

Artists and painters have used the Camera Obscura since the 16th Century.

The Camera Obscura is is a natural phenomenon. It is a small hole (aperture) through which light passes from outside scene into a darkened room or box. The image appears upside down on the wall opposite the hole.

The size of the hole will affect the sharpness of focus and the brightness of the image.

350 BC - Aristotle makes practical use of the principles of a pinhole camera by observing the sun during a partial eclipse through the gaps between leaves on a tree and the holes in a wooden sieve

https://aehistory.wordpress.com/1700/01/01/1700-camera-obscura-in-drawing-process/artist-using-camera-obscura/

From his experiments in 950, he explained that light travels in a straight line and when light rays were reflected off a bright subject and passed through a small hole they did not scatter but crossed and reformed as an upside-down image on a flat white surface parallel to the hole. He then established that the smaller the hole, the clearer the picture.

Louis Daguerre

The Silver Gelatin Print

In the 1870’s Richard Leach Maddox developed the silver gelatin print (introduced to the public in 1879).

Exposure times were shorter so the “snapshot” was born.

The gelatin print is still used today

View of the Boulevard du Temple

Fox-Talbot developed the Negative/Positive process using Waxed Paper negatives and Salt Prints

This image is in the public domain due to its age. This daguerreotype is in the collection of George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film

Meanwhile in Britain….

John Herschel

by Julia Margaret Cameron

Photographer unknown

Lady with Harp

Taken by Louise Daguerre between 24 April and 4 May 1838

John Herschel was working on a similar process when he heard of Daguerre’s work.

Daguerreotypes only produced one image which couldn’t be copied of reproduced.

In 1839 he was the first person to develop a glass negative in a camera which was then used to produce a positive image.

He developed his images using iron salts which produced a deep blue image called a Cyanotype (blue print).

Hershel gave us the terms: photography, negative and positive.

William Henry Fox-Talbot

John Herschel was a friend of William Henry Fox-Talbot and corresponded with him sharing his ideas and discoveries. He was influential in helping Fox-Talbot develop his Calotype process.

Fox Talbot produced an process he called the Calotype.

The calotype process produced a negative on paper that could be used again and again to produce a positive image.

This produced multiple images from a single master image.

Exposure times were still long (1-3 minutes) so the next challenge was to find a quicker process.

Taken by John Frederick William Herschel in 1842

Examples of Visual Timelines

Taken by John Moffat 1864

The Mass Market

Digital photography

Oskar Barnack works on the design of a camera for 35 mm motion picture film. The result materializes early in 1914 with the legendary "Ur LEICA",

Colour Photography

Ziess Ikon Contax s - 1949

In 1888 George Eastman’s Kodak Company of Rochester NY introduced the No 1 Kodak camera.

This came loaded with “American Film”. Once shot the camera could be sent back to the Rochester lab and developed.

Photography was now accessible to the public.

An early 35mm Single Lens Reflex camera

Biggest revolution since the gelatin print.

Used since the mid 1980’s but commercially viable in the 2000’s.

Heralds an era of everyone becoming involved, for example footage of 9/11 taken on mobile phones was used by news agencies around the world.

The first colour image was created by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861. But it would be a long time before colour photography became common place.

In 1935 Kodak released the first colour film called Kodachrome.

This was first used for home movies but in 1938 was released in 35mm for stills.

More expensive, difficult to use and needing flash, colour was only used for advertising and fashion until the 1970’s.

Stephen Shore; Uncommon Places

William Eggleston, Untitled (Memphis), 1970

Taken by James Clerk Maxwell 1861

Early Canon EOS Digital SLR C1993

Task:

Create your own history of photography timeline

How do you create your timeline?

Homework

Dates and events in chronological order

Make it creative and in your own style

Use images and colour

Clear and easy to read

Create a folding 3D form to organise your timeline information.

Continue to make your timeline, collecting information and images in chronological order

What do you include on your timeline?

Choose 3 important dates or events from the photography timeline that interest you.

Research each event. Select information and images about each event.

Bring the information and images to next lesson

Dates and events in chronological order.

Images of important events, processes, photographers…

Illustrations

Written facts and information in your

own words.

Label photographs with names and dates.

What NOT to include on your timeline!

Don’t copy and paste text from the internet or wikipedia

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