Assiniboine Nakota tribe

- Respect

- Conservation

Where they lived!

Now they live on 3 Saskatchewan reserves: Carry the Kettle Band #378 (shared with a Sioux group); Mosquito-Grizzly Bear's Head #343; and White Bear Band #365 (shared with Ojibwa and Cree).

Transportation

Government!

1) Besides cooking and cleaning, an Assiniboine woman built her family's house

2) Dragged the heavy posts with her whenever the tribe moved.

3) Houses belonged to the women in the Assiniboine tribe.

4) Only men became Assiniboine chiefs.

5) Both genders took part in s torytelling, artwork, music, and traditional medicine.

1) The Assiniboine wore moccasins on their feet thay were

usually made from deerskin and soft leather.

2) Men wore breech cloths with leather leggings

3) women wore long dresses made of goat or deerskin.

4) In cold weather they wore long buffalo-hide robes to protect they're

legs.

Assiniboine Food

Assiniboine Hunting!

1)Assiniboine hunters used bows and arrows.

2)In war Assiniboine men used bows, fought with war clubs and buffalo-hide shields.

Assiniboine Games

Religion!

Sun Dance Festival

Assiniboine Funerals

1690: Henry Kelsey, a Hudson Bay Company fur trader

1730-1760's: Exlporers - maps and land for their monarch

La Verendrye family (French)

Anthony Henday (British)

1800's: Alexander Henry, a Northwest Company trader

1870's Treaty Promises

Assiniboine promises:

- must live peacefully

- give Europeans access to land

Europeans promises:

- tobacco, alcohol, guns and gun powder, beads, cloth and utensils

Ten Years After First Treaty

Population of Assiniboine drops from 10,000 to 2,600 due to disease

Buffalo nearly extinct so they are forced to agree to live on reserves (not the best land) and give up nomadic lifestyle

Opinion Question:

Was contact with Europeans

good for the Assiniboine?

Reservation Treaty

Thank you for watching our presentation on the Assiniboine.

Fun fact about the Assiniboine tribe

The Assiniboine Nakota tribe are semi-nomadic

They had great respect for the buffalo and used every part of an animal that they killed.

They did not damage their environment because they didn't stay long enough to change it much.

The Assiniboine Environment

1) After main summer hunt - 4 day festival of thanksgiving

2) It began with the sweat lodge

3) Drumming and singing, fasting, smoking the pipe and the Sun Dance

4) A time for weddings to be arranged

1) Prarie - flat open plain with few trees and grass covered land

2) Hot and dry summers, cold and snowy winters, moderate spring and fall

3) The buffalo migrate north and south on the plains in a year.

Their environment affected every part of their culture including how their homes were built, transportation, food, clothing, how they pick their leaders and their religion.

for watching our presentation

on the Assiniboine Nakota tribe

Thank you!

In Canada, they lived all over present day Saskatchewan.

The Assiniboine Nakota Tribe

Sweat Lodge Ceremony

-To purify and heal the participants

-Took place in a sauna-like structure in the ground

-People said prayers, chanted songs and smoked the pipe

- Prayers where said to the four directions of compass and to the Great Spirit and Mother Earth.

-Assiniboine believed all living things had spirits that could help or harm them.

Housing

Tipis

1) made of animal hide(skin) stretched over a frame made of 12 foot poles.

2) They had to travel very light carrying only what they needed.

The Assiniboine used this game to practice hunting skills. Being a skilled hunter was very important not only to get food but also to be respectful of the animals. They didn't want an injured animal to escape and then disappear to die because then that would be a waste.

1st European Contact

1)Disease(smallpox)

2)Alcohol(abuse)

3)Europeans did not use all of Buffalo or other animals and intentionally killed off almost all Buffalo to turn land into farms

1)Guns and gun powder(gave them status as leaders amongst the 1st Nations)

2)Horses (Spanish) improved hunting and transporation

3)beads , cloth and metal utensils

4)tobacco

Chiefs were picked for:

-showing great hunting skills -being a successful warrior -showing kindness and generosity -leaders defended their environment and shared resources.

1) Used dogs to help them travel

2) Dog drags a travois behind him

3) Carries supplies, belongings or the tipis

1) Only 1sq. mile of land per family of 5 (end of semi-nomadic life)

2) Religious ceremonies banned

3) Poor health- alcohol abuse etc.

4) Poor land and water

5) Poor housing

6) Unemployment

7) Residential Schools

1st Contact with Europeans

1) Promised $5-25$ per year

2) Schools built

3) Teach them farming

4) Medical aid

The Assiniboine Nakota ate elks,buffalo,deer,bighorn goats,bison and rabbits. In the soups and stews that they made were from rabbits and bighorn goats.

Conclusion

The Assiniboine lived in harmony with their environment and even worshipped Mother Earth and nature spirits before their first contact with Europeans

At first, it seemed that contact with the Europeans was good for both the Assiniboine and the Europeans but both cultures began to over use and disrespect the environment

The Assiniboine had depended on their environment and the Buffalo for their way of life and once the Buffalo were gone they lost every part of their culture.

Many Assiniboine lost their lives due to diseases such as smallpox and alcoholism and continue to live on reserves today in poverty with poor housing and schools, water and health

Assiniboine Arts and Crafts

Mostly decorated useful items because they had to travel light

eg. clothing - beadwork and feather trim

tipi - drawings on sides of hide

Pictures and patterns were taken from their environment

eg. Animals they hunted

Stories about animal spirits or survival

Assiniboine art !