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(Mitchell et al. 2008)
(Madden 2009)
Before construction of the plant, there was consideration of the most appropriate location in terms of the environment. It was identified that:
(Shannon et al. 2008)
Increases to water prices 2013-2014 period
Fritzmann et al. 2006
(Independent Expert Group 2008)
Adapted from Melbourne Water (2013).
Thickness of arrows indicates relative energy consumption of different processes
Least sensitive to most sensitive
(Sadhwani et al. 2005)
(Independent Expert Group 2008)
Black - Seawater Intake; White - Pre-treatment; Blue - Reverse Osmosis; Red - Post-treatment
Source: Elimelech & Philip, 2011
(Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2012)
Source: Marsden Jacob Associates (2006)
(Melbourne Water 2013)
Seawater desalination is certainly not the most expensive option but there are a number of cheaper options that could have been considered before constructing a desalination plant.
Cardinia Reservoir
Location of pipeline
Process May be present in effluent Impact
Desalination plant
Image Source: http://victoriasdesalinationplant-present.blogspot.com.au/
How entrainment and impingement occur (Steinbeck et al. 2007).
Elimelech & Philip 2011
Adapted from Lettemann & Hopner, 2008
Processes listed are used in desalination pre-treatment, post-treatment and cleaning of the membrane. These products may end up in the water discharged to the ocean unless they are actively removed(Lettemann & Hopner 2008).
Pre-treatment waste, from cleaning pre-treatment filters, will be disposed of to landfill (Independent Expert Group 2008)
Chemicals used, those listed under 'Cleaning' in table above, to clean reverse osmosis membranes will be disposed of to the ocean after neutralization.
(Mitchell et al. 2008).
Image Source: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/wonthaggi-desalination-plant-produces-its-first-drops-of-drinking-water/story-e6frf7kx-1226466517254
The desalination plant will:
Reference List
Aquasure 2010, AquaSure Pty Ltd, Melbourne viewed 27 April 2013, <http://www.aquasure.com.au/project_description.php>.
Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2013, Victorian Government, Melbourne viewed 27 April 2013, <http://www.water.vic.gov.au/initiatives/desalination>.
Elimelech, M & Philip, W 2011, 'The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology and the environment', Science, vol. 333, pp. 712-717.
Fritzmann, C, Lowenberg, J, Wintgens, T & Melin, T 2007, 'State-of-the-art reverse osmosis desalination', Desalination, vol. 216, pp. 1-76.
Independent Expert Group 2008, 'Advice on the desalination project environment effects statement', October.
Lattemann, S & Hopner, T 2008, 'Environmental impact and impact assessment of seawater desalination', Desalination, vol. 220, pp. 1-15.
Madden, J 2009, 'Victorian desalination project assessment', January.
Marsden Jacob Associates 2006, 'Securing Australia's urban water supplies: opportunities and impediments'.
Mitchell, K, Wimbush, N, Harty, C, Lampe, G & Sharpley, G 2008 'Victorian desalination project environment effects statement: report of the inquiry', December.
Melbourne Water 2013, '2013 Water Plan', Victorian Government, Melbourne, viewed 27 April 2013, <http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/library/about_us/customers_and_prices/wp_draft_2013/WP3%20Fact%20sheet%20Desalination%20Plant.pdf>.
Sadhwani, J, Veza, J & Santana, C 2005, 'Case studies on environmental impact of seawater desalination', Desalination, vol. 185, pp. 1-8.
Shannon, M, Bohn, P, Elimelech, M, Georgiadis, J, Marinas, B & Mayes, A 2008, 'Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades', Nature, vol. 452, pp. 301-310.
Steinbeck, J, Hedgepeth, J, Raimondi, P, Cailliet, G & Mayer, D 2007, 'Assessing power plant cooling water intake system entrainment impacts', California Energy Commission, Sacramento viewed 3 May 2013 <http://www.energy.ca.gov/2007publications/CEC-700-2007-010/CEC-700-2007-010.PDF>.
Yarra Valley Water 2012, 'Yarra Valley future water', Yarra Valley Water, Mitcham, viewed 26 April 2013, <http://yoursayyvw.com.au/document/show/20>.