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By Riyushi Mahadik and Matt Briciu
· Discoverer: Jöns J. Berzelius
· Discovery Location: Stockholm Sweden
· Discovery Year: 1824
· Name Origin: Latin: silex (flint)
· Does not combine with oxygen or most other elements.
· Water, steam, and most acids have very little affect on the element.
· At higher temperatures silicon becomes much more reactive.
· In the molten (melted) state, it combines with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements to form alloys to form number of alloys.
The Germanium was discovered by a German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler between1838-1904.
Graphite combined with clays form the 'lead' used in pencils.
Diamond is used for decorative purposes, and also as drill bits.
Carbon added to iron makes steel.
Carbon is used for control rods in nuclear reactors.
Graphite carbon in a powdered, caked form is used as charcoal for cooking, artwork and other uses.
Charcoal pills are used in medicine in pill or powder form to adsorb toxins or poisons from the digestive system.
Isotopes: 20
Electronic shell: [ Kr ] 4d10 5s25p2
Energy of first ionization: 708.4 kJ.mol -1
Energy of second ionization: 1411.4 kJ.mol -1
Energy of third ionization: 2942.2 kJ.mol -1
Energy of fourth ionization: 3929.3 kJ.mol -1
Discovered by: The ancients
•Density of solid: 7310 kg m-3
•Molar volume: 16.29 cm3
•Velocity of sound: 2500 m s-1
Atomic number: 50
Atomic mass: 118.69 g.mol -1
Electronegativity according to Pauling: 1.8
Density: 5.77g.cm-3 (alpha) and 7.3 g.cm-3 at 20°C (beta)
Melting point: 232 °C
Boiling point: 2270 °C
Vanderwaals radius: 0.162 nm
Ionic radius: 0.112 nm (+2) ; 0.070 nm (+4)
Uses:
•alloying agent like soft solder, type metal, fusible metal, pewter, bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, White metal, die casting alloy, and phosphor bronze
•tin salts sprayed onto glass to produce electrically conductive coatings.
•window glass is made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a flat surface
•magnets such as crystalline tin-niobium alloy which is superconductive
•tributyl tin is the active ingredient in a type of antifouling paint used on ships.
•metal coater to prevent corrosion
•Thermal conductivity: 67 W m-1 K-1
•Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 22 x 10-6 K-1
•Melting point: 505.08 [or 231.93 °C (449.47 °F)] K
•Boiling point: 2875 [or 2602 °C (4716 °F)] K
•Liquid range: 2369.92 K
•Critical temperature: no data K
•Superconduction temperature: 3.72 [or -269.43 °C (-452.97 °F)] K
Tin is mined as an ore and then it is smelted to produce metallic tin.
Si
Si
Tin is used to coat metals to prevent corrosion, it is a alloying agent, tin salts are sprayed