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Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism (1600's-1740)

Prussia: Frederick the Great

Rulers in the Age of Absolutism

How the Habsburgs Dealt With the Effects

Effect After Thirty Years' War

Attitudes and Ideas About Power

  • as a youth: not interested in military or government affairs
  • more focused on things such as poetry, which worried his father
  • 1618: war began in Prague as a Protestant Rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire
  • Much of Germany left in ruins
  • Habsburg family weakened greatly due to this great loss in land
  • Habsburgs gained new land in parts of Balkans, Hungary and Italian Peninsula
  • As a result of Treaty of Utrecht: gained land from the Turks

Legacy

Actions Taken to Centralize Power

  • best known for brilliance in military, even though not very enthusiastic about it
  • one of first to promote religious tolerance
  • created system of indirect taxation
  • Made alliances with France and Great Britain
  • One of first to declined the Pragmatic Sanction from Austria's rulers

Foreign Policy

Domestic Policy

Frederick William

Frederick William II

Frederick William I

  • In Seven Years War: allied with Great Britain
  • began the war by attacking Saxony (August 29, 1756)
  • Diplomatic Revolution:
  • Britain & Austria vs France & Prussia
  • France and Austria vs Britain and Prussia
  • War of Austrian Succession: started from Prussia's seize on Silesia
  • promoted religious tolerance
  • made new industries with raw material and protected it with high tariffs
  • introduces new crops: potatoes and turnips
  • Ruled 1640-1688
  • Nickname: Great Elector
  • Accomplishments:
  • Unified armies of all his land into one strong force
  • Improved tax system, agriculture, and industries

  • Ruled 1713-1740
  • Accomplishments:
  • used many to make Prussia stronger
  • doubles size of army and made it the most efficient fighting force of its time

  • Ruled 1688-1713
  • Title: King
  • Accomplishments:
  • succeeded Frederick William as ruler
  • unified Northern Germany under Prussia rule

Background Information on Habsburg Austria

Frederick the Great

In 7 Years War

Makeup of Habsburg's Austrian Empire

Charles VI

  • Made up of Belgians, Bohemians, Croatians, Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Romanians, Serbs, and Slovens
  • Caused difficulty in rule due to conflicts in language, religion, and nationality
  • Alliances made between different races against other races
  • Was the Holy Roman Emperor
  • Before his death: had to persuade powerful Europe leaders keep his daughter in power
  • Pragmatic Sanction: stated that the land would be inherited by his daughter

Austria: Maria Theresa

Attitudes and Ideas About Power

The Hohenzollerns of Prussia

  • tried to secure Pragmatic Sanction: keeping her in power
  • ruled by counsel of her advisers
  • thought being royal power was important
  • believed she should be able to evoke esteem and affection from her subjects

Actions Taken to Centralize Power

Legacy

  • strengthened military and Austria's industrial standing
  • allied with France and Russia
  • Marie Antoinette: her daughter next in line
  • revived empire and influenced nearby nations to follow in her footsteps
  • descendents continued to follow under her reformations
  • kept the Pragmatic Sanction
  • revived the Czech culture by creating compulsory schooling

1. From Brandenburg-Prussia: located in Northern Germany

2. Greatest rival was Austria (both wanted more power and each other's land)

3. Hollenzollerns were Protestants

4. Prospered from the Catholic Reformation by seizing lands that once belonged to the Catholic Church

Foreign Policy

Domestic Policy

  • allied with France and Russia during Seven Years War
  • Problems: had succession in beginning of her reign
  • promoted financial reforms, educational reforms, commerce, and development of agriculture
  • reorganized military
  • believed in religious unity for a peaceful public life, and rejected idea of religious toleration
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