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PEARL HARBOR

DECEMBER 7.1941

EXPLORE PEARL HARBOR

MAP

OF

THE

HARBOR

Click the link to visit

Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii

https://www.nps.gov/perl/planyourvisit/maps.htm

MAP OF THE HARBOR

THE BATTLE SHIPS

THE

SHIPS

Click the link to explore the ships stationed at the harbor.

https://www.nps.gov/perl/learn/historyculture/battleship-row.htm

EXPLORE

THE

SHIPS

7:55 AM

7:55 AM

A TIMELINE

The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was spearheaded by one of the most dominant fighter planes in the Pacific: the ultra-light, extremely maneuverable Mitsubishi A6M "Zero."

ZERO

F.D.R. ADDRESSES THE NATION

F.D.R.'S SPEECH

DECLARING

WAR

The Meeting from Irving Swanson's Eyes

CONGRESS

DECLARES

WAR

Early in the afternoon of December 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his chief foreign policy aide, Harry Hopkins, were interrupted by a telephone call from Secretary of War Henry Stimson and told that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. At about 5 p.m., following meetings with his military advisers, the President calmly and decisively dictated to his secretary, Grace Tully, a request to Congress for a declaration of war. He had composed the speech in his head after deciding on a brief, uncomplicated appeal to the people of the United States rather than a thorough recitation of Japanese treachery, as Secretary of State Cordell Hull had urged.

President Roosevelt then revised the typed draft—marking it up, updating military information, and selecting alternative wordings that strengthened the tone of the speech. He made the most significant change in the critical first line, which originally read, "a date which will live in world history." Grace Tully then prepared the final reading copy, which Roosevelt subsequently altered in three more places.

On December 8, at 12:30 p.m., Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and, via radio, the nation. The Senate responded with a unanimous vote in support of war; only Montana pacifist Jeanette Rankin dissented in the House. At 4 p.m. that same afternoon, President Roosevelt signed the declaration of war.

After President Roosevelt asked Congress to declar war, Irving Swanson, a 29-year-old reading clerk, took the roll call vote as the House swiftly adopted a war resolution after FDR’s address. Swanson recalled watching as Representative Everett Dirksen of Illinois sat next to Jeannette Rankin of Montana, unsuccessfully pleading with the pacifist to vote “Present” rather than “No.” Rankin’s was the lone dissenting vote against the war. In the days before electronic voting, voice roll call votes were a long and laborious process complicated by the commotion and chaos of daily floor proceedings. In that respect, Swanson noted that the events of December 8 were unique: “You could hear the drop of a pin…Easy to take the roll call, I can tell you. Everybody was quiet. Very serious.”

POST

Go to Google Classroom and click on the assignment about the survivors of the Pearl Harbor attack to learn about the event from their perspective.

SURVIVORS

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