Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
130
APA Style
Presentation by Jordan Montejano
English Instructor, Tutoring Center
3-4-2024
What is APA?
APA
Introduction
- APA stands for American Psychological Association.
- It was originally made to make scientific writing easier to understand.
- It uses 12 point Times New Roman and is double spaced from beginning to end.
Why Use APA?
Credibility
Organization
- Your paper looks professional and all of your sources get the credit they deserve.
- APA is a good way to organize ideas logically into one clear paper.
Why Use APA?
APA Language Use
For APA 7, Accepted fonts are as follows, but we recommend Times New Roman 12pt:
- Times New Roman (12 pt)
- Arial (11pt)
- Georgia (11pt)
- Calibri (11pt)
- Lucida Sans Unicode (10pt)
- APA papers are often written in passive language. This is because they often contain research that was conducted in the past.
- Ex: The research was conducted by Smith and Helger (2014).
- Ex: Smith and Helger (2014) argued...
- APA Generally avoids gender pronouns.
- People are not generalized into large groups such as "the hispanics" or "the minority community."
- Use "Participants in a study" rather than "test subjects."
Tips for APA
Setting up Your Paper
If you need a running head for your class it would be on the top of every page and would look like this:
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL
Setting up Your Paper
The Title Page:
- The entire paper should be in Times New Roman 12 point font and be double spaced.
- For APA 7th Edition, a running head is not required for a student paper, but your professor may still want you to include it (Please see The APA Style Guide at https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format or Purdue Owl Online Writing Lab at https://tinyurl.com/y78ulbp5for more detailed instructions on student and professional paper format).
- The title should be bold and centered near the top half of the paper (about four lines down).
- The author's name is two lines down from the title followed by affiliations(this would include your department, college, course, professor, and due date).
- An Author's note is used by experts in the field and indicates department affiliation, acknowledgments, special circumstances, and contact info. For a college class, you probably won't need an author's note.
Abstract
Abstract
- Ask your instructor if you need an abstract. An abstract is a short summary of an article (APA Sixth Edition 25-26).
- Abstracts are often used by readers to decide "whether to read the entire article" (APA Sixth Edition 26).
- Keywords are placed in the abstract to help find it in a database.
- A running head is not required for a student paper, but your professor may still want you to include it. (professional papers have a shortened title or running head in the header on every page and is all in caps).
- for this paper the running head would look like this:
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL
Introduction
If you need a running head for your class it would be on the top of every page and would look like this:
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL
Introduction
An Important note on
Abbreviations
Intro Section
- The introduction introduces and explores the importance of the problem.
- It describes related articles.
- The introduction suggests a hypothesis or thesis.
- Note that the bold full title of a student paper should only be on the title page and before the first paragraph of the paper.
Headings
If you need a running head for your class it would be on the top of every page and would look like this:
A NOVEL TEACHER EVALUATION MODEL
Start after the introduction and are located in the body of the essay.
There are five levels of headings.
Your professor may or may not prefer your essay to have headings.
APA Headings Chart from Purdue OWL:
Level Format
1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period.
Headings
Direct Quote
Citations
For a direct quote, you should reference the author's last name, year, and page number. the quote should be in quotation marks. Anything that isn't in the signal phrase should be in the parenthetical citation at the end. See the examples below:
- Ex: According to Wilkins (2014), "Taking short breaks regularly can help refresh your body and mind, so you can focus" (p. 10).
- Ex: Wilkins (2014) found that "taking short breaks regularly can help refresh your body and mind, so you can focus" (p. 10).
- Ex: He said, "taking short breaks regularly can help refresh your body and mind, so you can focus" (Wilkins, 2014, p. 10).
Block Quote Example:
Wilkins (2014) found the following:
Taking short breaks regularly can help refresh your body and mind, so you can focus. We often work too hard and wear ourselves out, so our work suffers. Some countries have adapted a shorter work week because of this (p. 10).
Paraphrase
- For a paraphrase, you should reference the author's last name, year, and page number. Anything that isn't in the signal phrase should be in the parenthetical citation at the end.
- Ex: According to Wilkins (2014), we should rest often during the work day in order to think more clearly (p. 10).
- Ex: We should rest often during the work day in order to think more clearly (Wilkins, 2014, p. 10).
Paraphrase
Paragraphs
Unknown ______
- If the work is brief, you may choose to cite a paragraph instead of a page number.
- Ex: "In my experience, people are paralyzed at the fear of what could happen" (Stone, 2016, para. 4).
Unknown Author
- When the author is unknown, refer to the title in the signal phrase or a short form of the title in the parentheses.
- Author Unknown Ex: "The race was over in an instant" (The Way Things Are, 2015, p. 117).
- If the page number is unknown, then leave it out.
- Page Number Unknown Ex: "The end of the day marked the beginning of something new" (Granger, 2017).
- If the date is unknown, use (n.d.) for "no date"
- Date Unknown Ex: As Marrick (n.d.) noted, "The odds of an attack were imminent" (pp. 9-10).
- Remember to italicize book titles and put articles in quotations.
Multiple Authors
- Two Authors:
- The author's names should be in the signal phrase or parentheses in each citation.
- Ex: Penn and Teller (2019) suggest...
- Ex: (Penn & Teller, 2019).
- Three or More Authors:
- List all of the author's names in the signal phrase or the last name of the first author followed by et al., year.
- Ex: Kreuger, Stone, and Pendragon (2004) find...
- Ex: (Kreuger et al., 2004).
Multiple Authors
References
References in all caps and in bold
References
Basic Organization for APA References from Purdue Writing Lab (2019):
- For each entry, indent a half inch on every line after the first line.
- All entries should be in alphabetical order based on the author's last name. If you have more than one entry by the same author, then list them chronologically, from oldest to newest.
- Capitalize major words in a journal title.
- For books, chapters, articles, or webpages, capitalize the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in a title, and proper nouns.
- Italicize longer works like journals and books.
- DO NOT underline, italicize, or put quotes around short works like articles.
- For APA 7 DOIs and URLs are formatted the same way.
- You no longer need to put "retrieved from" before a url or doi.
- You may use a URL shortener like tinyurl or bit.ly.
Times New Roman 12 point font and double spaced
Common References and Matching In-Text Citation
Experts guide to artisinal fly cuisine.
Books titles are in italics and in sentence case!
Common References
I've got ninety nine problems but a fly ain't one.
Journal titles are in standard type and sentence case!
Journal of Eso-
teric Ridiculousness,
Journal titles are in italics and title case
Annotated Bibliography
- In some cases, your professor might ask for an Annotated Bibliography instead of a Reference Page.
- An Annotated Bibliography is formatted similarly to a Reference Page, but it also has a short paragraph under each reference that evaluates and describes the source.
- This paragraph is often three to five sentences, and your professor may have his or her own expectations, but here are some general guidelines.
1. Summarize the source.
2. Assess the credibility of the source.
3. Explain how this source has lent to the strength of your argument.
Annotated Bibliography
Reference Issues?
Reference Issues?
- If you are still confused about how to cite a Reference entry, feel free to use Purdue Owl's Citation Machine.
- If you found your source on Opposing Viewpoints in Context or on EBSCO, then you may use their auto citation features as well.
- Use only these functions as a way to get started on your citation. They are not guaranteed to be 100% accurate.
- It is still your responsibility to check the accuracy of each Reference entry.
- Use an APA Style handbook or Purdue Owl's APA Style Guide to check the accuracy of each source.
References
Presentation References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Paper Format. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format
Dalhousie University. (2019, May 2). LibGuides: Transition Year Program: APA citation. August 10, 2019.https:/
/dal.ca.libguides.com/c.php?g=257116&p=4954687
Jeps Bulletin. (2012, July 24). The origins of APA style (and why there are so many rules). July/August, 2019. https:/
/blog.efpsa.org/2012/07/10/the-origins-of-apa-style-and-why-there-are-so-many-rules/
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (2019). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Purdue Writing Lab. (2019). General Format // Purdue Writing Lab. February 20, 2020. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl
/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Purdue Writing Lab. (2019). Reference List: Basic Rules // Purdue Writing Lab.https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation
/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html
Purdue Writing Lab. (2019). APA Sample Paper // Purdue Writing Lab. August 8, 2019. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl
/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_sample_paper.html
Purdue Writing Lab. (2019). APA Headings and Seriation // Purdue Writing Lab. August 8, 2019. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl
/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_headings_and_seriation.html
Ramussen College. (2019, August 5). APA Guide: Annotated Bibliography. Retrieved August 10, 2019. https://guides.rasmussen.edu/apa
/annotatedbib
Underwood, J. (2017, July 11). Sample apa literature review by the Online Writing Lab. August 8, 2019. https://www.slideshare.net
/JonathanUnderwood1/sample-apa-literature-review-by-the-online-writing-lab