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U.S. Soldiers of Color
BY: Olivia Chairez
African Americans in WW2
They were deprived military leadership opportunities and training because the military believed that African-americans didn't have the intellectual capacity to be successful
Of the nearly 200,000 black troopers in WW2, only roughly 25% served in combat units and most of those units never even left the U.S.A
The U.S. Army approached the treatment of African americans as "seperate but equal"
One of the specific indicators of this of approach was the attempts to transfer black soldiers to second line duties such as supply troops, repairmen, gunsmiths builders or drivers etc.
Turning Point
Turning Point
Civil rights organizations and black press heard about this and pressured the military to make a change
This bad press resulted in the formation of an African american squad based in Tuskegee, Alabama in 1941
The Tuskegee Airman
This was part of the Army Air Corps program that trained African americans to fly and maintain combat aircraft
The Tuskegee Airman
The program consisted of navigators, pilots, bombardiers, support staff, instructers etc.
It was one of the most decorated squads in the air force
Why is this significant?
Almost 1,000 navigators were produced as Americas first african american military pilots
Why is this significant?
More than 10,000 military and
civilian African American men and women served in a variety of support roles
Their courageous and heroic performances earned them increased combat opportunity and respect
Legacy
Legacy
- The tuskesgee Airmen's acheivments (the men, women and everyone who supported them) paved the way for everybody after them
- On November 6, 1998 President Clinton approved Public law 105-355
- This established the Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site at Motion field in Tuskegee, Alabama to honor the heroic actions of the original Tuskegee airmen
Pictures
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMPLpExgkGg
Navajo American Indians
- The U.S. army was the first branch of the military that began recuiting Navajo American Indians in 1940
- The Navajos were assigned to devise a code in their language that would be used to battle enemy listeners . They were called "Code Talkers"
- A couple years later the U.S. Marine Corps recruited the first class of 29 Navajo code talkers in 1942
How did they help in the war?
- The Navajo language became a central component of a new code that proved to be unbreakable for decades
- It was sucessful because Navajo was an unwritten language
- It also had extremely complex syntax and no alphabet
- This made it impossible for anyone without extensive exposure and training to understand
- They were so adavanced that they could encode a message in just 20 seconds
- The Japanese heard these messages but were never able to decode them
Chester Nez
Chester Nez
- Chester was born on January 23, 1921 in Chi Chil Tah, New Mexico
- He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1942 a few months after Pearl Harbor
- Nez was one of the 29 selected to create a code that the Japanese couldn't break
- In 2011, he worte a memoir titled Code Talker that described what life was like during World War 2
Pictures
Pictures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciFv_ONffdw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciFv_ONffdw
Sources
The Tuskegee Airmen--Overview: Legends of Tuskegee
Website title: Nps.gov
URL: https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/tuskegee/airoverview.htm
Sources
Group photograph of Tuskegee Airmen from class 45A Black Archives of Mid-America Kansas City
Website title: Blackarchives.org
URL: http://blackarchives.org/collections/group-photograph-tuskegee-airmen-class-45a-0
American Indian Code Talkers The National WWII Museum New Orleans
Website title: The National WWII Museum New Orleans
URL: https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/american-indian-code-talkers
Website title: Nps.gov
URL: https://www.nps.gov/tuai/learn/historyculture/upload/the-tuskegee-airmen-significance.pdf
Website title: Nps.gov
URL: https://www.nps.g...