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Visual Perceptual Skills

Visual Perceptual Skills

Motor skills

  • The ability to interpret and assign meaning to what is seen
  • A cognitive and visual skill
  • 7 areas of visual perception
  • Fine and gross motor skills
  • Formal (standardized) and informal testing
  • In context of functional task performance -

Questions we ask -

  • Can they sit up straight (core strength)?
  • Are they symmetrical in their posture?
  • Are they using hand and wrist to write?
  • Do they have shoulder stability?
  • What is their pencil grip like?

Visual motor skills

The Occupational Therapy Assessment

  • Most classroom "doing" tasks are visual motor skills
  • Is the ability to translate a visual image into an accurate motor response
  • Is reliant on motor skills and visual perceptual skills

What is Occupational Therapy?

  • Assisting every child to meet their potential
  • Fulfil their roles or "occupations" within the school setting
  • Functional versus Sensory

Visual Perceptual Sub-Areas

Visual Perceptual sub areas

Visual Memory

Visual Spatial Relations

Sequential Memory

Visual Closure

Visual Figure Ground

Visual Discrimination

Form Constancy

Visual Spatial Relations

  • Understanding the relationship of an object within it's environment
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty planning movements around the classroom
  • difficulty with spatial concepts
  • reversals
  • difficulty reading maps, graphs, charts
  • poor recall of left and right
  • difficulty finding things

Sequential memory

  • Ability to remember a sequence of objects or forms in the correct order
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty sequencing letters in a word or words in a sentence
  • difficulty recalling the sequence of alphabet
  • difficulty copying from one source to another
  • poor spelling
  • poor recall of order of events after reading

Visual discrimination

  • Ability to see differences and similarities in objects.
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty seeing and correcting errors
  • difficulties with dressing
  • difficulties seeing similarities in letter formations

form constancy

  • Ability to see a form and recognise it, even though it may be turned around or a different size.
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty reading different fonts
  • slower to master numbers and letters
  • difficulty seeing errors
  • reversals
  • difficulty transitioning from print to cursive

visual memory

  • Ability to store and recall visual details of an object or form.
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty reproducing letters or numbers
  • mixing upper and lower case letters
  • poor reading comprehension
  • difficulty remembering sight words
  • can influence long term memory

visual closure

  • Recognising a form or object when a part is missing
  • What does this look like?
  • poor writing ability
  • difficulty working from poor photocopies/print material
  • poor spelling
  • difficulty with mazes, dot to dot and wordsearch type tasks

figure-ground

  • Ability to find something in a busy background
  • What does this look like?
  • difficulty in attending to one part of the page and blocking out the rest
  • difficulty filtering out distractions in environment
  • poor organisation skills
  • over attends to big picture and misses detail OR attends to detail and misses big picture
  • difficulty copying from another source
  • poor visual searching skills
  • difficulty finding things (including friends in a busy playground)

What does Visual Perceptual challenge look like in the classroom?

classroom Presentation

Skill Level

Difficulty with -

  • puzzles or dot to dots
  • spatial concepts
  • differentiating between "b, d, p, q;"
  • reversals
  • loses place on a page when reading or writing.
  • remembering left and right.
  • forgets where to start
  • remembering the alphabet in sequence
  • copying from one place to another
  • remembering sight words.
  • completing partially drawn pictures or stencils
  • attending to a word on a printed
  • filtering out visual distractions
  • hidden picture activities or finding a specific item in a cluttered desk.

BIG Picture

  • Academic performance
  • Attention
  • Self-regulation
  • Behaviour
  • Organisation

big picture

what can you do?

what can you do?

Play

play

  • Hidden picture games - such as ‘Where’s Wally?’
  • Dot to dot
  • Mazes
  • Jigsaw puzzles
  • Memory pairs
  • Construction tasks - such as following instruction cards to build Lego
  • Word Search and Crossword puzzles
  • Bingo

compensatory strategies

  • Giving visual cues
  • Consider other senses when learning
  • Specialised paper
  • Copying from paper on desk
  • Alphabet strips
  • De-clutter
  • Position desk away from distractions
  • Keep worksheets clear and simple
  • Eliminate visual distractions in the room
  • Break tasks down
  • Cover a worksheet with a blank page
  • Use highlighters
  • Use verbal reminders and prompts
  • Augment using voice-to-text software

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