Copy of World War II

When is the cost of

World War II Learning Objectives

World War II

1. Compare the three dictators discussed in class and briefly contrast Fascism, Communism, and Nazism.

2. Review the causes and effects of the Policy of Appeasement by Britain and France. Identify the progression of steps taken by Hitler towards the beginning of WWII. Include more than just the trigger of the war.

3. Trace the origins of the Holocaust from Nazi ideology through and including the Final Solution.

4. List the importance of the following World War II events: Pearl Harbor, Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Midway.

5. Discuss the effects of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Evaluate that decision.

worth it?

Soldiers sacrificed a great deal to defeat the Axis Powers...

... and so did Americans at home.

100 Million people would fight during World War II

So what caused so many humans to risk their lives and...

50 million people would die.

It was the deadliest conflict in human history.

While Americans were soul searching at home, Military leaders were searching for a winning strategy...

1942

Japan piles up victories

How should we attack Germany and Italy?

Now it was time to take on Japan

1943

Japan takes Hong Kong, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines.

The Battle of Midway

Attack Germany and Italy

What should the Allies do first?

Attack Japan

1944

Selling the War

With Japan weakened, the Allies were ready to attack.

Propaganda was used to sell Americans on the lifestyle of war.

When the air and sea fighting was over, Japan had lost most of their battleships and experienced pilots.

Island Hopping

vs.

The Allies

The Axis Powers

"Hit em where they aint - let'em die on the vine."

Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain

Women took jobs formally held by men opening many eyes to new choices.

1945

Germany, Japan, and Italy

Is the End Near?

Women and minority groups had their chance to prove they belonged

Bloody fighting

at the island of Okinawa convinces American Military leaders that Japan will not surrender.

The Tuskegee Airmen

African-American soldiers like proved as effective as their white counterparts in battle.

Germany turns to Fascism

1918: German Revolution

s

Fascism

React

The German Kaiser (King) Wilhelm II signs an armistice, ending combat in the war.

Kaiser Wilhilm II abdicates (gives up) his power.

The Rise of

Ending the War is unpopular with many Germans, including many military officers.

Germany becomes a democracy called the Wiemar Republic.

contempt for electoral democracy

individual interests are trumped by the good of the nation.

The Wiemar Republic tries to lead during tough times.

extreme militaristic nationalism

By 1941

alliances had formed.

... by 1923, one loaf of bread cost 100 billion marks (dollars).

a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites

In 1919, one loaf of bread cost 1 mark (dollar)...

The Treaty of Versailles

1932

The Nazi Party got rid of Democracy and turned Germany into a

Fascist Government.

Fascists believed that Germany should return to "top of the world" and annihilate of all enemies of the Aryan Race.

America transformed our economy from producing consumer products to war products

The Nazi Party becomes the largest party in the German Reichstag.

As economic conditions become harder,

people responded to the Nazi message.

The Arsenal of Democracy

Hitler writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in jail. The book lays out the Nazi vision for Germany's future

Hitler and the Nazi Party also change their strategy for gaining power...

Should the United States use the Atomic Bomb on Japan?

Factories that once made Cars were now making Fighter Jets, Tanks, and Bombs.

... they will gain power by winning elections.

America evolving role

1923

Nazi's lead a coup attempt. The coup fails and many leaders, including Adolf Hitler, are put in jail.

Strategy: Saturation Bombing

The Nazi Party rises to Power

1935

Turn it into Rubble

Pick a Place...

America elects Franklin Roosevelt President

Congress passes a law preventing the U.S. from supplying "arms, ammunition, or implements of war" to nations in conflict

Congress amends the Neutrality Acts

Drop a large amount of Bombs.

The Neutrality Acts

1939

When War broke out, the need for soldiers and weapons quickly put people back to work.

During the Great Depression, 1 out of 4 Americans did not have a job.

Just like the Soviet Union and Germany, the U.S. responded to the depression by changing our leader.

Strategy: Precision Bombing

U.S. changes law so that it can help supply Great Britain and France with weapons.

1932

The massive amount of Government spending on the war ended the Great Depression.

1929

... and the "Fragile Peace" is finally broken by Germany.

The Great Depression begins

Many in the U.S. believe we should focus on our own problems

The U.S. backs Great Britain with "All aid short of War"

The "Fragile Peace" is tested...

Picking out a strategic place to bomb, like a weapons factory.

"December 7th, 1941, a day that will live in Infamy"

-Franklin Roosevelt

1941

Hitler's Last Stand

100,000 German causalities

90,000 U.S. causalities

When the battle was over...

1939 - The Nonaggression Pact

The rise of Dictators

The Battle of the Bulge

Congress passes Lend-Lease Act

A surprise German attack on the Allied Forces.

Now without a threat from the East, he can break the Munich Pact and invade Poland.

Joseph Stalin

no longer had to worry about war with the West.

But Hitler needed more land to create his vision.

Adolf Hitler

Germany reclaims some of the land they lost after World War I

Germany makes a deal with the Soviet Union to not attack each other and split control of Poland.

These actions clearly violated the Treaty of Versailles...

"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."

-Robert Oppenheimer, Scientist

The Allies open a second front in France

1944

Goal: to divide the allies

and get them

to surrender.

... but the League of Nations did not have the power to stop them.

France

Germany

1. German lost all of its reserve army units.

2. The Luftwaffe had been destroyed.

Germany reclaims land lost in the Treaty of Versailles.

3. The remaining German forces had no back-up and could not hold back the Allies.

After Pearl Harbor, the United States ends neutrality and enters the war.

Review Time

1945

1931 1935

...As fighting intensified in Europe

The Allies push back

1942

The Allies gain momentum

Turning Point:

1943

And in 1941 Japan set its sights on the United States

1940

1925

1933

1936 - 1938

Japan was expanding its control over Asia

1939:

1938:

Appeasement

War

"... in order to remain healthy, species must continually expand the amount of space they occupy ..."

New Agreement

Send troops to the Rhineland

Munich Pact:

Appeasement

- Adolf Hitler, 1925

By breaking the Treaty, Germany put France and Great Britain in a difficult spot. What should they do?

Fascist Benito Mussolini takes control in Italy.

D-Day

.. . these men came here - British and our allies, and Americans - to storm these beaches for one purpose only, not to gain anything for ourselves, not to fulfill any ambitions that America had for conquest, but just to preserve freedom. . . . Many thousands of men have died for such ideals as these. . . but these young boys. . . were cut off in their prime. . .

Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

Annex Austria

Giving in to the Demands of an enemy to avoid war.

1) Germany keeps Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.

Harsh winters in the Soviet Union made life difficult on German Soldiers. This was one of the reasons the Soviet Army was able to outlast the Germans.

The End is near

Mussolini invades the independent area of Abyssinia in Africa.

The Japanese Army invades Manchuria

President Truman Drops the Bomb

Military leaders take over in Japan after they assassinate the prime minister.

Joseph Stalin takes over in the Soviet Union when Vladimir Lenin dies

1941

1) Enforce the Treaty by going to War with Germany.

Hitler and the Nazi party set out to create the perfect human race

Claim the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia

2) Will take no further territory.

2) Give in to Germany and make a new treaty?

More than 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs over coastal Normandy immediately in advance of the invasion.

A series of unfortunate events...

What led the world to War?

Fighting in the Soviet Union lasted more than 2 years

and France.

Germany captures Denmark and Norway

September 1:

1932

Hitler, as well as the leaders of Japan and Italy believed that their nations required Lebensraum ('living space') in order to survive.

1924

Germany sets its sights on the Soviet Union

German Losses:

1 million soldiers

50% of aircraft

50% of tanks

Soviet Losses:

5 million people

50% of aircraft

Nearly all Tanks

and invades in Operation Barbarossa

Operation Torch: Allies invade Africa

Fascism

France and Great Britain Declare war on Germany.

Germany invades Poland.

By the summer of 1940, Hitler and Germany had concurred most of Europe.

"Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used."

-Harry Truman, President

On their way to Berlin, Soviet and American troops liberated concentration

camps

Within a few months of the Battle of the Bulge, Mussolini was captured and hung by the Italian people while Hitler committed suicide on April 30th, 1945

By nightfall, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore, securing French coastal villages.

How do dictators take power?

The Allies capture Rome and finally Won the Battle of Stalingrad

Europe is back at War

So why did these dictators invade other countries?

Communism

Militarism

5000 boats transported over 150,000 men and nearly 30,000 vehicles

Turning Point:

The 2nd front split German resources

Axis troops lose a major source of oil.

Turning point:

1. Germany lost a substantial amount of troops and supplies.

2. Germany was in retreat from that point forward.

Using Blitzkrieg, Germany conquers Poland in just 17 days.

"Desperate people take desperate measures"

"The battlefront disappeared, and with it the illusion that there had ever been a battlefront. For this was no war of occupation, but a war of quick penetration and obliteration - Blitzkrieg, Lightning War."

Europe and Asia's War is about to become a true World War.

August 14, 1945 V-J Day

May 8, 1945 V-E Day

2. Gave the Allies a clear path to Hitler in Berlin.

Germany's next target was Great Britain...

1. Took the Western Front back from Germany control.

Connection:

Keep Calm and Carry On

Turning Point:

... they turned their attention toward Japan

As the Allies celebrated their victory over Germany and Italy...

The Battle of Britain

Turning Point:

1. Great Britain fights Germany's Air Force to a draw.

2. Hitler decides he has crippled Great Britain so he moves to his next target.