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MEDICATION

SAFETY

Elizabeth Babu, Gabby Baron, Angelica DeGuzman, Fazali Nkoloma

Chamberlain University

NR224-Professor Muka

What is the goal?

To make preparing and administering medications safer.

This includes:

  • Bringing awareness of the need to follow the right protocols through:
  • Administration
  • Seven Rights
  • Communication
  • Charting
  • Patient Education
  • Medical Errors

Medication Safety

Why is this necessary?

Patient Safety: Medication errors can be life threatening to patients.

1

Medication Safety

As a nurse, we are the last ones to handle medications before given to the patient. Patient and medication safety becomes our responsiblity.

2

3

Medication errors are the most prevalent type of medical error and are an important cause of preventable adverse events. Being more cautious acheives better patient outcomes and reduces medication errors

Factors Leading to Medication Errors

  • Distractions and interruptions in the workplace
  • Heavy nurse workload
  • Nurse has to administer 3 patients with medications at the 0900
  • Failure to double check doses
  • Failure to follow seven rights
  • Look-alike and sound-alike drugs
  • Lack of knowledge about medication administration

Interest on Medication Safety

  • Nurses play an important role in the medication aspect of a patient's health
  • The role with medications include:
  • preparation
  • administration
  • evaluation
  • But without following the 7 rights, medication errors are likely to happen
  • Medication errors were estimated to account for more than 7,000 deaths annually
  • Approximately 39% of medication errors occur during the ordering process; 12% occur during the order verification process; 11% occur during the preparation and dispensing process; and 38% occur at administration
  • Medication errors can be preventable!!!

Who is involved?

  • Patients (from infants to older adults)
  • Family members
  • Healthcare Staff (and the institution):
  • Nurses
  • Doctors
  • Pharmacist

Who is involved?

Patient Education

Patient Education

Does your patient know about their medications?

  • Many patients have a lack of knowledge of all their prescribed and OTC medications
  • Many patient's don't even know the name of their medications and the reason they are taking it!
  • Nurses lack communication and explanation of medications to patients, which is key for making patients comfortable

How can we fix this?

How can we fix this?

COMMUNICATION IS KEY

  • Provide the patient information of the medications prescribed
  • Include:
  • Name of medication
  • Dose and time to take medication
  • How to take medication
  • Possible side effects of medication
  • Pharmacy booklets, drug booklets, accessibility to the pharmacists, etc. for patients who want more information on their medications
  • Involve and educate patients and family members about their medication
  • Teach-backs on how and when to use medications
  • Address patient's concerns and questions before administering

Nursing Research

Adverse Drug Events

Nursing Research

  • What are adverse drug events?
  • harm resulting in medication use
  • Each year in the United States, adverse drug events cause more than one million visits to hospital emergency departments
  • The number of adverse drug events are likely to grow due to:
  • Development of new medications
  • Discovery of new uses for older medicines
  • Aging American population
  • Increased use of medicines for disease treatment and prevention
  • Expansion of insurance coverage for prescription medications

What can be done?

  • Learning more about medications that are being administered
  • Possible side effects
  • How drug medication with other medications (compatibility)
  • Check patient history
  • Check for possible allergies to medications
  • Check what other medications patient is using
  • Using the Seven Rights
  • Learning more about medication safety and reducing medication errors can reduce and prevent the risk of harm

Medication Administration

Patient Safety: Seven Rights

Medication Administration

  • Patient
  • Read medication label and patient chart
  • Two patient identifiers prior to administration
  • Medication
  • Compare medication label and orders for patient
  • Amount
  • Compare medication label and order for patient
  • Route
  • Assess if patient is able to use route
  • Time
  • Make sure medications are given on time
  • Documentation
  • Document after administration
  • Make sure time medication was given and person who administered medication is included in charting.
  • Document any errors and any reactions to medication
  • Reason
  • Communication to patient: explain why they are recieving such medication
  • Document any reason patient did not take the medication ordered

ISMP

Institute for Safe Medication Practices

ISMP

Institute for Safe Medication Practices

  • Nation's only nonprofit organization devoted to medication error prevention and safe medication use since 1975
  • Works directly and confidentially ith the pharmaceutical industry to prevent errors that come from misleading or confusing naming, labeling, packaging and device design
  • Provide safety tools, consulting services, educational programs, newsletters, and self assessments
  • Provide an extensive list of drug names that get confused
  • http://www.ismp.org/tools/confuseddrugnames.pdf

Conclusion

  • As a nurse, medication safety is an important part of our career.
  • Medication errors can be preventable
  • Seven rights
  • Patient Education
  • Resources for information on medications
  • Remember that it's not just the patient's involved, everyone is.
  • Ordering: selection of the appropriate medication by the clinician
  • Transcribing: computerized or paper based , the orders should be read and interpreted correctly.
  • Dispensing: the pharmacist should check for drug–drug interactions, contraindications,allergies, and correct ordered form.
  • Administration: follow the seven rights of medication administration.

References

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