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Energy Transfer and Sound
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Energy transfers and sound
Presented by Teagan Symington
Energy Basics
Energy can be stored or transferred from place to place in different ways. Let's look at some examples.
- Kinetic energy
- Sound energy
- Thermal energy
- Chemical energy
- Electrical energy
- Gravitational potential energy
Energy Basics
Kinetic energy
Moving things have kinetic energy. The heavier a thing is and the faster it moves the more kinetic energy it has. All moving things have kinetic energy, even very large things, like planets, and very small ones, like atoms.
Kinetic
Sound Energy
A vibrating drum and a plucked guitar string transfer energy to the air as sound. Kinetic energy from the moving air molecules transfers the sound energy to your eardrum.
Sound
Thermal energy
Thermal energy is what we call energy that comes from heat. A cup of hot tea has thermal energy in the form of kinetic energy from its particles. Some of this energy is transferred to the particles in cold milk, which you pour in to make the tea cooler.
Thermal
Chemical energy
Some chemical reactions release energy. For example, when an explosive goes off, chemical energy stored in it is transferred to the surroundings as thermal energy, sound energy and kinetic energy.
Chemical
Electrical energy
A battery transfers stored chemical energy as electrical energy in moving charges in wires. For example, electrical energy is transferred to the surroundings by the lamp as light energy and thermal energy.
Electrical
Gravitational potential
A rock on a mountain has stored energy because of its position above the ground and the pull of gravity. This energy is called gravitational potential energy. This is the energy it would release if it fell. As the rock falls to the ground, the gravitational potential energy is transferred as kinetic energy.
Gravitational
potential
Energy transfer diagrams
Energy transfer diagrams show the locations of energy stores and energy transfers. For example, consider the energy transfers in the simple electrical circuit below.
We can show the transfers like this:
Energy transfer diagrams
But there are also energy transfers that are not useful to us.
In the example above, the lamp also transfers
energy to the surroundings by heating.
If we include this energy transfer, the diagram looks like this:
Sankey Diagrams
Sankey diagrams summarise all the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the line or arrow, the greater the amount of energy involved. This Sankey diagram for the lamp shows that it transfers most of the energy by heating, rather than by light: