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The Netherlands
Presented by Matilde Folli, Alessia Gaiba, Sofia Moscato, Matilde Ricci Maccarini
The FLAG
FLAG
The flag is known as “Flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands”.
It consists of three horizontal stripes of red, white and cobalt blue.
The colors used in the flag are based on the coat of arms of
William I,Prince of Orange.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
The Netherlands is geographically a very low and flat country, with about 26% of its area and 21% of its population located below sea level, and only about 50% of its land exceeding one metre above sea level. The country is for the most part flat, with the exception of foothills in the far southeast, up to a height of no more than 321 metres, and some low hill ranges in the central parts. Most of the areas below sea level are man-made, caused by peat extraction or achieved through land reclamation
GEOGRAPHY
BORDERS
Borders
The Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom.
CLIMATE
Climate
The climate of The Netherlands can be classified as a warm temperate humid climate,which is influenced by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
The rains are not so abundant, but they are frequent during the year,besides the dryer period from April to September. The wind is frequently, especially in autumn and winter, when there are even storms.
Although the Netherlands is a small country, there's a slightly difference between the weather in inland areas, compared with coastal areas, which are more windy.
Politics
POLITICS
The politics of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy, the king is Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, while the prime minister is Mark Rutte. Today the king has a largely ceremonial role Parliament holds the legislative power. It consists of two Chambers:
King Willem-Alexander
THE LOWER CHAMBER
-The lower Chamber is the most important, and is composed of 150 members elected with proportional system and by direct universal suffrage for a maximum of 4 years
THE LOWER CHAMBER
THE UPPER CHAMBER
The upper Chamber is composed of 75 members elected for terms up to 4 years of duration by the 12 legislative assemblies of the provinces. It can only confirm (or reject) the laws passed by the lower Chamber.
THE UPPER CHAMBER
ECONOMY
ECONOMY
Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is about 826,2 billion of euros and since 1600 shipping, fishing, agriculture, horticulture, trade, and banking have been the most developed sectors of the Dutch economy. Then the major industries include: chemicals, metallurgy, machinery, electrical goods, trade, services and tourism and examples of international Dutch companies are Randstad, Unilever, Heineken, KLM, Philips and ASML.
Also tourism plays a vital role in the economy of the country.In fact Amsterdam is the 5th-most popular tourist destination in Europe with more than 4.2 million international visitors every year of which the most frequent are Germans, Brits, Americans, and Belgians.
POPULATION
Population
The Netherlands is the thirty-first most densely populated country in the world. Even though the Netherlands is so densely populated, it has no municipalities with a population over one million. Moreover, the "four big cities" (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht) can in many ways be regarded as a single metropolitan area, the Randstad ("rim city" or "edge city") with about 7 million inhabitants around an agricultural "green heart".
FARMING
FARMING
Although farming has a low percentage in the economy of the country, the Netherlands is the EU’s biggest agri-food exporter and the second biggest in the world,after the USA.
The country’s agricultural land is divided into grassland, farmland, and horticultural land. Dutch dairy farming is very developed : a high amount of butter, cheese, and condensed milk is produced every day.
Open-air horticulture also produces fruit, vegetables, flowers, and bulbs,known as world-famous colourful fields and Netherlands is known nowadays for wind turbines,that are more and more used in agricultural areas as a renewable energy.
LANGUAGES
LANGUAGES
Dutch is the official language of the Netherlands.
Almost the entire population of the country speak this West Germanic language. Nearly 23 million worldwide people speak Dutch as their first language while about 5 million people speak it as a second language.
It is also spoken as an official language in Belgium, Suriname, Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten.
There are some regional languages that are officially recognised like:Frisian,English and Papiamento.
AMSTERDAM
THE CAPITAL
Amsterdam is the capital city of The Netherlands.
It is also the country's largest city, with a population of more than 851,000.
It was found on 27th October 1275 and in the 17th century Amsterdam was the centre of world economy.
Today the city is visited by over 3,5 million foreign visitors a year thanks to all the great things that it’s possible to do like going to Anne Frank’s House,Van Gogh Museum,Madame Tussauds, Rijksmuseum,Dam.
You can also visit the capital with bicycle and enjoy the views thanks to canal cruise.