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Transcript

Samsara

Brahman

Brahman

  • Brahman is the universal soul. It does not have a form, it is the creater, preserver, and transformer of everything.
  • Hinduism is not monotheistic or polytheistic, it is a monistic faith.
  • This means that they believe all is Brahman and that Brahman is present in everything.
  • In the water activity, Brahman is represented by completely clear water

Maya

  • The term "Maya" refers to the illusion of the imperfect and temporary physical world.
  • Brahman does not show himself in this world.

Maya

Hindu Trinity

  • The Hindu Trinity is how Brahman shows itself.
  • The Trinity consists of the three most important Hindu Gods: Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.

Hindu Trinity

Brahma

  • Brahma is considered the creator of the universe.
  • In comparison to Christianity, Brahma is similar to God.

Brahma

Vishnu

  • Vishnu is the considered the preserver and protector of the universe.
  • In comparison to Christianity, Vishnu is similar to Jesus.

Shiva

  • Shiva is considered the restorer of good and the destroyer of evil in the universe.
  • In comparison to Christianity, Shiva is similar to the Holy Spirit.

Atman

  • The term atman refers to our eternal self beyond our false exterior.
  • This is the idea that one is spiritual rather than material.
  • Atman is like an extension of Brahman. The ultimate goal of Hindus is to make their soul pure enough to unite atman with Brahman.
  • In the water activity, atman is represented by the slightly and heavily polluted water.

Atman

Samsara

  • Samsara means to "continuously flow". This describes the continuous birth, death, and rebirth cycle that Hindus believe in.
  • Negative or positive karma accumulated in your current life can poorly or positively effect you in your next life.

Samsara

Samsara Cycle

Samsara Cycle

Karma

  • Karma is the accumulation of deeds throughout one's lifetime.
  • Certain actions may be morally good or bad and are either against or required in the rules of dharma.
  • One's good or bad karma will determine their caste in the next life.
  • Also it determines whether their atman will become more polluted or more pure.
  • In the water activity, karma is what made the water either more clear or more polluted.

Karma

Good Karma

  • Obtaining good karma will bring you smarts, attractive looks and long, healthy lives and your atman will become purer.
  • In the water activity, good karma made the water more clear.

Good Karma

Puja

  • Puja is one way to earn good karma.
  • It can take place in a Hindu home or in a temple.
  • Worshipers remove their shoes, summon the murti (image of a deity) by ringing a bell, light a lamp, and burn incense. They then wash the murti and decorate it with garlands or flower petals.
  • Red paste is placed on all foreheads (including the murti) and the worshipers offer fruit, light, flowers, or sweets to the murti.
  • A lamp is moved around the murti and people place both hands above the flame and touch their foreheads to receive the deity's blessing.
  • Food that was brought is then eaten.

Bad Karma

  • Obtained bad karma will bring the opposite of good karma.
  • You will be not smart, not attractive, and may be unhealthy during your life.
  • Bad karma will also pollute your atman and pull you farther away from moksha (being united with Brahman).
  • In the water activity, bad karma made the water more polluted and dirty.

Bad Karma

Caste System

  • The caste system is the hierarchy based on one's occupation and social standing.
  • Good karma would raise you up on the hierarchy when you are reborn and bad karma would drop you further down.
  • The levels of the caste system from top to bottom are: Brahmin (priests, religious teachers, academics), Kshatriyas (Warriors, Kings), Vaishyas (Business people who sell products), Kshudras (Servants, people who sell services), and the Untouchables/Outcastes/Dalits (people with dirty jobs)

Caste System

Dharma

  • The term dharma generally means "law" or "law of being".
  • The 10 rules of dharma are included in the Laws of Manu:

Dharma

1. Patience

2. Forgiveness

3. Self control

4. Honesty

5. Sanctity

6. Control of senses

7. Reason

8. Knowledge or learning

9. Truthfulness

10. Absence of anger

Yoga

  • Through different types of yogas, we can achieve good karma.
  • When we get enough good karma, we can eventually gain moksha

Yoga

Jnana Yoga

  • This is the path of knowledge.
  • This yoga involves learning about Hinduism through the guidance of a guru (good teacher).
  • This yoga could lead to the knowledge that Brahman and atman are one.

Jnana

Raja Yoga

  • This is the path of meditation.
  • During this yoga, one forgets their surroundings and even themselves through extreme concentration.
  • Two techniques that are commonly used to focus are:
  • Repeating a word, phrase, or sound (mantra)
  • Using a circle diagram to represent the universe or the self (rangoli pattern)

Raja

Bhakti Yoga

  • This is the path of devotion.
  • During this yoga, a god or goddess is chosen and one spends time worshiping and praying to them.
  • Some people are drawn to a preferred deity, but that doesn't mean they cannot worship others.

Bhakti

Karma Yoga

  • This yoga is the path of good works.
  • This involves a Hindu doing their duty, which will be different for everybody, the best they can. Their dharma is dependent on things such as age, job, and social status.
  • During this yoga, Hindus must not act because they want to be rewarded with good karma.

Karma

Moksha

  • The term "moksha" means "release"
  • Moksha is the release from the cycle of samsara and the end of suffering through the repeated death and reincarnation.
  • This release results in the atman becoming pure enough to be reunited with Brahman.
  • In the water activity, this was shown when the pure enough water (atman) was clear enough to be poured back into the jar with the completely clear water (Brahman).

Moksha

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