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Solutions for waste water
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Problem in Baltic Sea
Solutions for Waste waters
Baltic Sea
- Nutrient load from sorroundin human acticities
- Due to narrow straits, there is only a little interchange with saltier seawater in wider sea areas
- One of the world largest brackish water pool
- Shallow
- The amount of water in relation to the surface area is small
- The jumping layer prevents mixing of bottom saltwater and fresh surface water
The Baltic Sea is a fragile habitat threatened by eutrophication and oxygen depletion. Eutrophication is mainly caused by nitrogen and phosphorus emissions. Part of the emissions are caused by untreated wastewater from sparsely populated areas.
Kuva: Helcom, 2006. Development of tools assessment of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 104
Drainage
19%
Sparsely populated area
Untill now only about 10-15% of people living in sparsely populated areas have upgraded their wastewater systems.
In Finland nearly one million people (around 19%) live in sparsely populated areas outside the municipal sewerage network. In addition, about one million Finns live part-time in holiday homes, most of which are treated on a property-by-property basis.
Household wastewater should be treated to minimize its impact on the environment. If wastewater is not treated, it will cause health hazards to humans and animals in contact with water. In waterways such as the Baltic Sea, wastewater has a strong eutrophication effect.
The increasing public interest in environmental issues and European legislation has raised the need to improve the quality of waste water in sparsely populated areas.
Waste water from sparsely populated areas in Finland
Rule of thumb for wastewater treatment in sparsely populated areas of Finland
IF the property is located within 100 m of water, sea or groundwater the sewage system shall be renovated to meet the purification requirements or replaced by 31.10.2019
IF the property is located outside these areas, renew your system to meet cleaning requirements when renovating water systems on your property or making other major renovations that require permission
100m
Read more: https://www.villagewaters.eu/s2/996_636_71_A_GUIDE_TO_WASTEWATER.pdf?v=27152010
World map
Legislation
The rest of Europe
World map
Households outside the sewerage network
Also in many other European countries around the Baltic Sea, property-specific sewage systems
the number is remarkably high.
VillageWaters Partner Countries:
• 19% (900,000 inhabitants) of Finland
• 19% (252,000 inhabitants) of Estonia
• 29% (645,000 inhabitants) Latvia
• 38% (975,000 inhabitants) Lithuania
• 38% (14.7 million inhabitants) Poland
• 13% (1 million inhabitants) Sweden
Household wastewater
Gray or black water?
Waste water contains harmful emissions such as organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus
What is wastewater?
Black water
Toilets, usually containing faeces, urine and toilet paper
Households produce significantly less black water than gray water, but their organic matter content is much higher than gray water.
Black waters contain numerous pathogenic microorganisms as well as nutrients and potentially toxic compounds.
Gray water
Laundry water from kitchen and washrooms and cleaning
If gray waters are separated from black waters, they can be treated with simpler methods and the treated water can be utilized, for example, in lawn irrigation.
Gray or black water?
Different waste water systems
Different wastewater systems in sparsely populated areas
The discharge of waste water from property can be reduced by an appropriate waste water system. Different systems are suitable for different applications and for different applications.
Holding tank
Holding tank
The waste water is directed to a holding tank. The holding tank is emptied, for example, by a vacuum truck, and the waste water is treated elsewhere.
The use of a holding tank is necessary, for example, for toilet waters in coastal areas and for all waste water in the groundwater area, where even treated waste water must not be discharged into the terrain.
The holding tank can also be a temporary solution for all wastewater, for example in situations where municipal water supply is coming to the area within a few years.
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Pros and cons
+ Affordable to buy
+ No electricity consumption
+ No chemicals
+ No emissions into the surrounding area
- Frequent drain interval
Soil Treatment
Soil treatment is suitable for all wastewater on the property where there is sufficient space and the wastewater can be treated on the property.
In soil treatment, a soil filtration or absorption is constructed on the property, with a separation, filtration and collection bed, as well as suction and collection pipes.
Soil treatment
Pros and cons
- Requires space
- Nitrogen removal is not effective
+ Simple technology and simple maintenance / servicing
+ Affordable maintenance
+ Downtime are possible
+ Customizable to the plot
Packaged WWTP
Packaged wastewater treatment plant
The packaged plant is typically a prefabricated wastewater treatment plant with the same purification process as a wastewater treatment plant.
The packaged plant is suitable for all wastewater on properties that are in regular use throughout the year, where wastewater can be treated on-site.
Pros and cons
- Consumes electricity
+ Effective purification of organic matter and nitrogen
+ Needs little space
Separate drainage
Separate drainage
Pros and cons
- Requires emptying the holding tank
Separate drainage means separate treatment of toilet water (black water) and wash water (gray water).
The method is suitable for buildings where toilet and wash water are provided with separate pipes outside the building. In this case, the toilet water is discharged into a holding tank and the wash water is discharged to a packaged treatment plant or to soil treatment.
Also suitable for applications where there is a dry toilet and waste water only consists of wash water.
+ More efficient cleaning results when collecting black water in a holding tank
Municipal water management
Pros and cons
Municipal water supply
- Connection and water charges can be expensive
+ Easy and ready in use
+ No emissions to the surrounding area
In areas where the municipal sewerage network is close enough, it may be most advantageous to use a transfer sewer to connect to the municipal water utility.
Sewage Terminology
Wastewater system: A complete set of domestic and non-domestic sewage and wastewater treatment systems required for the management and treatment of household wastewater.
Single Pipe Drainage / Single Water Drainage / Single Drainage: All waste water, both wash and toilet, is discharged from the house with a single pipe.
Separate drainage / Dual pipe drainage / Dual drainage: The sewage (black sewage) is discharged from the house with a different pipe than the other wastewater.
Sedimentation tank / Septic tank: One or more parts waterproof container through which waste water flows. The sedimentation tank retains settling solids and lighter constituents separated from the waste water. T-arms in inlets.
Small wastewater treatment plant / packaged treatment plant: A domestic wastewater treatment plant in which wastewater is treated physically, chemically or biologically or in combination.
Soil Treatment: A generic term for wastewater treatment, where microbes purify wastewater in the soil.
Infiltration / Absobent field An excavated or submerged domestic wastewater treatment process in which wastewater is absorbed into the soil prior to its transfer to groundwater.
Ground filtration / Filtration field: Excavated or submerged domestic wastewater treatment process where the wastewater is purified as it passes through the constructed sand layers. Purified wastewater is collected by pipeline and further discharged into the environment.
Gray water filter: A biological, prefabricated treatment plant for the treatment of wash waters. Purification is based on the ability of microbes growing in the filter / carrier material (eg peat, moss, rock wool or plastic pieces) to utilize the organic matter and nutrients of the water to be purified.
Holding tank: A watertight container for the temporary storage of domestic wastewater or sludge without a waste water outlet.
Wastewater terminology
Steps to modernize your property's wastewater system
2.
4.
Can black and gray waters be handled separately?
Develop a plan together with the municipal sewage planner
What is the current system like?
What is the need for waste water treatment?
Is it possible to join a municipal system?
3.
1.
World map
What to do?
INFORMATION TOOL is a digital service that allows residents and village communities to compare the properties of different wastewater systems on the market. The service also supports the work of municipal authorities and planners, for example.
The systems can be compared by:
- cleaning power
- price
- dimensions
- cost-effectiveness
You can select the basic view or the calculated information. From this infromation you get more about the background calculation.
INFORMATION TOOL
https://villagewaters.eu/945#1 4 1 1,2,7 6.2;4.9 1-100 49-420 1 0 0 en
Information tool animation
https://www.villagewaters.eu/Introduction_Video_1011