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HEALTHCARE

AADS Feminism

11/1/21

Black Women and the Medical Institute Manifesto

Avery Smith, Holly Staff, Justin Anakani, Anessa Lee, Carolyn Schachtel

The Position From Which We Write:

Who We Are

Introduction

We are a collective of Vanderbilt students who were brought together by a shared passion for Diaspora Feminism. We stand against oppression in all forms and are committed to embodying this commitment through our every day practices. Our partnership has consisted of identifying what we believe is the most pressing concerns facing Black Feminists and outlining our hopes for a better and safer future. We believe that Black Feminism is crucial to the development of this future.

Our Key Beliefs

The privilege of health is critical to the realization of all other rights. Thus, our manifesto contains a radical critique of our current healthcare system and demands equity for Black women in medical spaces.

Key

Beliefs

Current problems include:

1. General mistrust of the medical institution in the Black community

2. Biases of medical practitioners in working with diverse populations

3. Higher maternal mortality among Black women

Institutional racism in medicine

-Many of the problems we want to address today can be traced back to institutional racism in the medical community

-There is a clear history of institutional racism in medicine

- It is rarely talked/learned about within the medical community

- This dates back to slavery

History

Experiments on black women's bodies

- A white dominated space

-Recorded experimentation on black women's bodies started in the 1830s.

-James Marion Sims commended for his efforts within the medical community yet tortured black women

-Their bodies were not valued in the same way that white bodies were

-Subjected to extreme mental and physical pain

- Belief about black women not feeling pain (having a thicker skin especially)

- How did this belief about black women's pain tolerance come about?

- Doctors like Sims tried to justify their racism with bad science

-This follows a consistent theme of black women being used to satisfy the needs of others. e.g Ibo women being used for their reproductive purposes in the Joys of Motherhood and Sarah Baartman being used for humiliating entertainment

-Many people think millennials are more understanding yet they still don't fully understand the history because they do not learn about the roots behind why the medical industry fails black women so badly

Iatrophobia

- Black women do not receive the same quality of care as their white counterparts do

- Caused a common condition among black women called iatrophobia

- Iatrophobia is the fear of doctors

- Why should black women trust the system now?

- And as for one of the primary concerns today, why should black women trust the COVID-19 vaccine?

Reasons

Reasons

  • Since the manifestation of the medical institution in America, black people, especially black women have had their health jeopardized.
  • From toxic stereotypes to neglectful malpractice, doctors fail to recognize the bias and harm done on black bodies.
  • Understanding the evolution of the medical institution and its relationship with black people, a solution can be made to protect the lives of black people now and in the future.

Bell Hooks

Homeplace as a Site of Resistance

  • Women are the scaffold of society. In the black community they serve and cater to black men in their household.
  • They face the same patriarchy in their inner black community.
  • At the same time, they are employed by white people to take care of their white children and upkeep their homes.

Cartographies of Struggle

Chandra Mohanty

  • The conversation of feminism is diluted with Western problems and ideologies
  • Most women are in third world countries and are women of color. The feminism conversations should be more directed at that demographic

Joys of Motherhood

Buchi Emecheta

  • Story follows Nnu Ego and her journey of motherhood.
  • Being a wife and a mother in a foreign land as an impoverished black woman has its toll.
  • The "Joys of Motherhood" is honestly reserved for the children, husband, and the community that makes up the blocks, the cities, and eventually the country. There's not enough "joy" for the woman.

Atrocities in the Medical World

Discussion

  • Misdiagnosis of health issues(e.g. kidney disease and eGFR split results based on race)
  • Rashida Flowers, eGFR as black women was multiplied and said kidneys functioning better than they were, without multiplier she would have qualified
  • its easier for white ppl to get a transplant, under diagnosed them so it's harder for them to get adequate treatment
  • Algorithm determining how sick one is was discriminatory
  • Pulse oximeter calibrated for white skin and errors for those with darker colored skin
  • Pregnancy related death rates for black women and infants

Weathering

-Repeated stressors over course of lifetime can cause health vulnerability

-Jenga

Joys of Motherhood

  • colonialists used Lagos ppl for work/labor
  • Book does not mention healthcare
  • Shows how underdeveloped/lacking medical care was bc colonists did not value thier lives
  • Colonial thoughts mistreat black bodies, saw this in joys of motherhood and translated into modern day society

Relate to Joy

Watermelon Woman Connection

Watermelon Woman

-Lack of representation

-Cheryll trying to voice black history/stories

-mission to identify watermelon woman

-henrietta lacks, her cells replicated infinitely, docs used her cells without her knowledge, saved millions of lives wihout knowing, made big contribution progression of medical field

-"in the history of medicine,few people can say they have saved more lives then Henrietta Lacks"(BBC)

-Relates to lack of representation for POC in the medical system

Future Plans

Resources

Policy Solutions

Teaching Programs

Solutions

Solution 2

Solution 1

Solution 3

Teaching Programs

Who: Medical practitioners, other medical field employees, student and employees

What: provide social courses and training programs such as racial equity programs to help inform

What: programs in schools and workplaces informing benefits of hospitals and other resources

Policy Solutions

1. Social Justice frameworks to help eliminate power imbalances

2. Strengthen insurance programs such medicaid

3. Universal Health Care Programs

4. Anti-capitalist Structure

Policy Solutions

Click to edit text

Click to edit text

Chart depicting struggles of finding doctors for Black Americans

Resources

Resources

1. Time and resources in community programs

2. Healthy food options

3. Mental health services

4. Research for pregnant individuals that may not identify as women

Translating this commitment into our everyday practice:

On Campus

1. Evaluating healthcare services on campus

2. Understanding Vanderbilt's role in shaping the future of healthcare

3. Engaging with the Nashville community

On Campus Healthcare Services

On Campus Healthcare Services

- Discrimination at student health?

- Equitable access to mental health resources?

- Representation among healthcare workers?

- Bias training/educational programming for healthcare workers?

- Opportunities for student feedback?

- SCC and Student Health have online patient surveys

- Student awareness of these resources?

- Accountability for incorporating feedback?

Vandy

Pre-med

Vanderbilt Premed Programming

1. Representation

- Support for students?

- Diversity among professors?

2. Education

- Premed core classes: "Out of the 15 required courses for pre-med students at Vanderbilt, none of them addressed medical racism or discrimination in healthcare"

- MHS major: MHS "extensively" covered medical racism, discussing "disparities in healthcare," "implicit biases," etc.

-

Community

Engagement

Community Engagement

- Spreading awareness about lesser-known or distrusted resources

-COVID-19 vaccine

- Mental health services

**While acknowledging historical context

- Participating in local elections

- Electing representatives who will:

- Address healthcare discrimination

- Advocate for more equitable access to healthcare

- Discussing healthcare benefits for Vanderbilt employees

Works Cited

Works Cited

Avi-Yonah, Shera. “Are Kidney Tests Misdiagnosing African Americans?” The American Prospect, 8 Aug. 2019, https://prospect.org/health/kidney-tests-misdiagnosing-african-americans/.

Cusick Director, Julia, et al. “Eliminating Racial Disparities in Maternal and Infant Mortality.” Center for American Progress, 2 Nov. 2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2019/05/02/469186/eliminating-racial-disparities-maternal-infant-mortality/.

Emecheta, Buchi. The Joys of Motherhood. George Braziller, 2013.

Moran-Thomas, Amy. “How a Popular Medical Device Encodes Racial Bias.” Boston Review, 24 Aug. 2021, https://bostonreview.net/science-nature-race/amy-moran-thomas-how-popular-medical-device-encodes-racial-bias.

“The Watermelon Woman.”

“Racial Bias in Widely Used Hospital Algorithm, Study Finds.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 24 Nov. 2019, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/racial-bias-in-widely-used-hospital-algorithm-study-finds.

“'Weathering': The Health Effects of Stress and Discrimination.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/weathering-what-are-the-health-effects-of-stress-and-discrimination#How-the-weathering-concept-came-about.

French, Spencer. “Capitalism Will Never Solve Our Healthcare Problem - Because Capitalism Is the Problem.” Managed Care Matters, 14 Nov. 2018, https://www.joepaduda.com/2018/11/14/capitalism-will-never-solve-our-healthcare-problem-because-capitalism-is-the-problem/.

Taylor, Jamila, et al. “Eliminating Racial Disparities in Maternal and Infant Mortality.” Center for American Progress, 2 Nov. 2021, https://www.americanprogress.org/article/eliminating-racial-disparities-maternal-infant-mortality/.

“The 'Immortal' Cells of Henrietta Lacks.” BBC Ideas, BBC, https://www.bbc.co.uk/ideas/videos/how-one-womans-immortal-cells-changed-the-world/p08wr9gf.

Published: Dec 11, 2020, director. KFF, 11 Dec. 2020, https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/event/december-11-web-briefing-racism-and-discrimination-in-health-care-experiences-today-and-actions-to-address-going-forward/. Accessed 8 Nov. 2021

Liao, Sharon. “How Institutional Racism Affects Health Care for Minorities.” WebMD, WebMD, https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/features/health-care-institutional-racism.

Voxdotcom, director. YouTube, YouTube, 7 Dec. 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfYRzxeMdGs. Accessed 6 Nov.

"Unique premed program teaches new approach to race and health."Vanderbilt University Research News, 20 Sept. 2017, https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2017/09/20/unique-premed-race-health/

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