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Introduction

F

Comics Code Authority

E

Comic Book Critics

1930s - 1950s

  • Professional venues
  • Legislative hearings
  • Popular media
  • Educators
  • Church and civic groups
  • Mental health experts

(Wertham, 1954)

Wertham

(DC Comics, n.d.)

(Jungle Comics, 1945)

Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency

Apr 21-22, 1954

D

C

William Gaines

Publisher of EC Comics

(Jungle Comics, 1945)

(EC Comics, 1953)

(Comics Code Authority, 1954)

(EC Comics, 1952)

B

The Comics Code

(Comics Code Authority, 1954)

1954

1971

1982

1989

(Comics Code Authority, 1954)

Banned

The Comic Censors' Bible

  • Werewolves
  • Vampires
  • Ghouls
  • Cannibalism
  • Zombies
  • Sex
  • "Horror"
  • Terror"

Reinforced

  • Respect for government
  • Respect for parental authority
  • Sanctity of marriage

A

Bypassing the Code

Stan Lee and Marvel

Stan Lee and Marvel

(Marvel Comics, 1970)

Direct Market Distribution

Direct Market Distribution

Comics distributors -- late 1970s and 1980s

  • Solicit orders
  • Distribute directly to retail outlets
  • Handles comics without the Seal of Approval
  • Rise of "adult" comics

1989 Update

1989 Update

Unpopular 1982 Update

Archie, Disney, and Marvel wanted to return to the 1971 code

DC pushed for new guidelines

  • "The Principles of the Comics Code Authority"
  • Violence
  • Language
  • Other areas of concern
  • "Editorial Guidelines"

  • CMAA forbad the release of this document to the public

Death Knell of CMAA

Death Knell of CMAA

Marvel withdrew from CMAA in 2001

DC Comics and Archie withdrew in 2011

Comic Book Legal Defense Fund protects First Amendment Rights

  • Legal referrals
  • Representation
  • Advice
  • Assistance
  • Education

Bibliography

Comics Code Authority. (1954). Seal of Approval. http://cbldf.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/cca-seal.jpg

DC Comics. (n.d.). Gotham City Sirens. https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b5/09/1c/b5091cfee2d1c8949bdd8e33b02d1646.jpg

EC Comics. (1952). Johnny Craig. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/Crime_Suspenstories_22.jpg

EC Comics. (1953). Judgment Day comic. http://www.sellmycomicbooks.com/images/incredible-science-fiction-33-controversial-black-face-ending.jpg

Jungle Comics. (1945). 071 November Issue. https://i.pinimg.com/236x/47/59/8f/47598f4bef4aef7ddfad47899e4213df--jungle-girl-comic-book-covers.jpg

MAD Magazine. (1955). Humor in a jugular vein. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/35/74/20/35742034056f081c9dc6adb7a1cb0fcf.jpg.

Marvel Comics. (1970). Spiderman drug issue. http://www.orgamesmic.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/spiderman-drug-issue.jpg

Nybert, A. K. (2017). Comics Code history: The seal of approval. Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. cbldf.org/comics-code-history-the-seal-of-approval.

Reed, P. A. (2015). 61 years ago today: The Comics Code Authority changed the face of comics. Comics Alliance. comicsalliance.com/history-comics-code-authority.

Bibliography

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