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HISTORY Q.6 AND Q.7
2
HISTORY Q.6 AND Q.7
NCERT
QUESTION: Q.6. What changes took place in varna-based society?
Q.7. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
SUBJECT: HISTORY
CLASS: 7
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Q.6. What changes took place in varna-based society?
Q.7. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
Varna literally means color, hue or complexion. It has other meanings such as a class of men, tribe, race, species and the arrangement of the subject in a song.
In other words, varna primarily refers to the physical appearance of things or people and their categorization based upon the common characteristics they share.
As we all know that the Indian society was divided into different varnas namely, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaihsyas and Shudras. Though initially it was only decided on the basis of a person's duty, deed or karma but later it emerged as a social structure. The varna system soon became the basis of the caste system in India. The four-fold Varna society was based on the idea of ‘Purity of birth’.
Following changes took place in a Varna-based system:
1.Movement from one varna to another was very rigid as it was basically based on birth rather than the karma or deed as it earlier meant.
2. Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
3. On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of jatis.
4. Specialised artisans such as smiths, carpenters, and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
5. Jatis rather than varna became the basis for organising society.
6. Among the Kshatriyas, the newly formed Rajput clans became powerful.
7. Many tribes became part of the caste system. But only the leading tribal families could join the ruling class. A large majority joined the lower jatis of caste society.
8. Many dominant tribes of Punjab, Sindh and the North-West Frontier had to adopt Islam as it claimed not to discriminate on basis on caste or occupation.
Talking about the tribes,
The emergence of large states changed the nature of tribal societies. We can understand this with the help of two examples:
a) The Gond society and
b) The Ahom society.
The Gond Society:
Their equal society gradually got divided into unequal social classes. Brahmanas, poets and scholars received land grants from the Gond rajas or Kings and they became more influential.
The Gond chiefs now wished to be recognised as Rajputs. So, Aman Das, the Gond king of Garha Katanga or Garha Kingdom, assumed the title of ‘Sangram Shah’.
The Ahom Society:
The Ahoms built a large state which brought many changes in the Ahom society. The influence of Brahmanas increased.
Temples and Brahmanas were granted land by the king. In the reign of Sib Singh, Hinduism became the predominant religion. But the Ahom Kings did not completely give up their traditional beliefs after adopting Hinduism.
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