Introducing
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The End
Welcome to the Digestive System!!! Today you will travel through the digestive system
Lets Go!
We finally made it to the end!! Now we are in the rectum and anus
You made it to the end of the digestive system tour! I hoped you learned more on how food is digested through the system!!
The rectum and the anus is the last part of the digestive system
This is the rectum
Lastly is the anus
- when the anal canal is open (this opening is the anus) stool is passed through leaving the body
First we start in the mouth
Off to the large intestines
The mouth is the start of the digestion process
Peristalsis helps water from the undigested food be absorb into the bloodstream and moves the chyme through the large intestines
As water and other electrolytes are getting absorbed, chyme becomes thicker and forms into stool
In the large intestines chyme is very liquidy
- water is reabsorbed from the digestive material.
- The ascending colon is the start of absorption of any water left in the chyme
The large intestine is the final section on the alimentary canal
- 1st section - cecum
- 2nd section - colon which is broken into 5 sections - ascending, transverse, descending colons, and sigmoid colon, and the rectum
The large intestines also stores indigestible materials before they are eliminated from the body.
OH NO!
It looks like the appendix is out of order. This is called appendicitis. Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix
- some people think that the appendix isn't necessary, but some researcher says the appendix holds good bacteria for the gut
- appendicitis can cause abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea
- The best way to fix this is getting an appendectomy.
Pancreas
Fun Fact
The pancreas also helps with regulating blood sugar
QUICK STOP
The pancreas releases pancreatic juices that contains enzymes such as amylase, lipase, nuclease, and trypsin to break down certain macromolecules in the small intestines for final digestion
The pancreas is also an accessory organ and is also necessary for digestion.
Off to the stomach!
Next is the Esophagus
Before we go into the esophagus, the epiglottis which is a flap of cartilage that sits behind the tongue must cover the trachea to prevent the bolus from going down the trachea into the lungs.
First the bolus enters the stomach and the stomach gets bigger.
Fun Fact!
Our stomachs are made of proteins and pepsin destroys protein... which means pepsin can destroy our stomach, which can lead to ulcers! Scary isn't it? Don't worry that's why we have a mucous lining on the stomach and HCI to protect the stomach so that doesn't happen!
In the stomach
The stomach is a hollow organ that has 3 layers of muscle
Liver
Mechanical digestion of the stomach
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects to stomach.
Whew! We're almost there. Next is the small intestines
Interesting Fact
The liver also helps with blood sugar regulations.
The liver main functions in the digestive system is continually making bile.
In the esophagus process called peristalsis pushes the bolus down the esophagus by a series of contractions and relaxations
This is green looking thing is the gallbladder
The liver is an accessory organ for the digestive system, which means food doesn't actually pass through it but it's very essential for digestion!
In the jejunum and ilium absorption occurs
The small intestines is the main site for nutrient absorption and the final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules
In the small intestines, chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum (the duodenum is the final stage of chemical digestion)
- In the small intestines chyme is mixed with bile which breaks down fats and other pancreatic juices such as lipase (breaks down fats), nuclease (breaks down nucleic acids), trypsin (breaks down proteins), and amylase (breaks down carbs) to break down certain macromolecules.
The small intestines is divided into 3 sections duodenum, jejunum, and the ilium. It is the coiled part of the alimentary canal and is about 12 feet.