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The APA Code of Conduct
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The American Psychological Association Code of Conduct
Preamble
F
"This Ethics Code is intended to provide specific standards to cover most situations encountered by psychologists. It has as its goals the welfare and protection of the individuals and groups with whom psychologists work and the education of members, students, and the public regarding ethical standards of the discipline."
The Role of the Preamble
In it entirety, the Preamble sets the tone of the Code of Conduct. It describes the roles of a psychologist, from researcher to clinician. "Psychologists are committed to increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior and people's understanding of themselves and others and to the use of such knowledge to improve the condition of individuals, organizations, and society. Psychologists respect and protect civil and human rights and the central importance of freedom of inquiry and expression in research, teaching, and publication. They strive to help the public in developing informed judgments and choices concerning human behavior. In doing so, they perform many roles, such as researcher, educator, diagnostician, therapist, supervisor, consultant, administrator, social interventionist, and expert witness.
Ethical or Not?!?!
E
Ethical or Not?!?
"If they don't understand the language used during informed consent, that's their problem!"
NOT!!!!
...but why???
Informed Consent
"When psychologists conduct research or provide assessment, therapy, counseling, or consulting services in person or via electronic transmission or other forms of communication, they obtain the informed consent of the individual or individuals using language that is reasonably understandable to that person or persons except when conducting such activities without consent is mandated by law or governmental regulation or as otherwise provided in this Ethics Code. "
Informed consent also includes, but it not limited to:
- Providing information, regardless if a person is capable of giving consent
- Expressing limitations in court-ordered services
- Documenting appropriately
B
Ethical or Not?!?
"If a patient does not pay for services as agreed, a psychologist will provide the minimum information required to a collections agency, withholding details about their treatment."
Ethical!!!!
Confidentiality
Psychologists disclose confidential information without the consent of the individual only as mandated by law, or where permitted by law for a valid purpose such as to
- provide needed professional services;
- obtain appropriate professional consultations;
- protect the client/patient, psychologist, or others from harm; or
- obtain payment for services from a client/patient, in which instance disclosure is limited to the minimum that is necessary to achieve the purpose.
Ethical or Not?!?
F
To provide the most complete care, it is best to treat all the members of your neighbor's family.
Not!!!
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Dual Relationships
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A psychologist refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the multiple relationship could reasonably be expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity, competence, or effectiveness in performing his or her functions as a psychologist, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the person with whom the professional relationship exists.
Ethical or Not?!?
F
"As a supervisor, it totally up to me if my supervisee's self disclose in a clinical setting with a client or even in a mandatory staff training!"
Not!!!
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Supervision
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Psychologists do not require students or supervisees to disclose personal information in course- or program-related activities, either orally or in writing, regarding sexual history, history of abuse and neglect, psychological treatment, and relationships with parents, peers, and spouses or significant others except if
- the program or training facility has clearly identified this requirement in its admissions and program materials
- the information is necessary to evaluate or obtain assistance for students whose personal problems could reasonably be judged to be preventing them from performing their training- or professionally related activities in a competent manner or posing a threat to the students or others.
Ethical or Not?!?
"Psychologists try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on many factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone unfair discriminatory practices."
F
TITLE
Ethical!!!!
Client Rights
Psychologists accord appropriate respect to the fundamental rights, dignity, and worth of all people. They respect the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination and autonomy, mindful that legal and other obligations may lead to inconsistency and conflict with the exercise of these rights
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Ethical or Not?!?
People from different populations may require different styles and methods of counseling
F
Ethical!
Counselor Responsibility
"Psychologist uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify their professional roles and obligations, accept appropriate responsibility for their behavior and adapt their methods to the needs of different populations. Psychologists consult with, refer to, or cooperate with other professionals and institutions to the extent needed to serve the best interests of their patients, clients or other recipients of their services."
Ethical or Not?!?!
F
Psychologists *only* share the knowledge and resources with clients who have in-network health insurance coverage.
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Not!!!
TITLE
Values
There are six general principles depicted in the APA's Coduct of Code. They are as follows:
- Competence: They recognize what their competencies and limitations of their expertise.
- Integrity: in their roles, psychologist are honest, fair and respectful of others.
- Professional and Scientific Responsibility: psychologist uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify their professional roles and obligations, accept appropriate responsibility and adapt their methods to the needs of different population.
- Respect for People's rights and Dignity
- Concern for Other's Welfare: Psychologist seek to contribute to the welfare of those with whom they interact professionally.
- Social Responsibility: They are encouraged to contribute a portion of their professional time for little or no personal advantage.
Ethical or Not?!?!
In their work-related activities, psychologist do not engage in unfair discrimination based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socio-economic status, or any basis proscribed by law.
F
TITLE
Ethical!!!!!
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Cultural Competency
"Where differences of age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language or socio-economic status significantly affect psychologist's work concerning particular individuals or groups, psychologists obtain the training, experience, consultation, or supervision necessary to ensure the competence of their services, or they make appropriate referrals."
Ethical or Not?!?
F
If you need a car to get to work, and your client needs help, what's wrong with helping your client, while your client helps your car?
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Not!!!!
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Bartering
Barter is the acceptance of goods, services, or other nonmonetary remuneration from clients/patients in return for psychological services. Psychologists may barter only if
- it is not clinically contraindicated,
- the resulting arrangement is not exploitative
- Additionally, psychologists' fee practices are consistent with law.
B
Citations
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017, January 01). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/