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Brief Historical Timeline of Special Education...Where We Will Be in 50 Years?

1954

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)

School children from four states argued that segregated public schools were inherently unequal and deprived them of equal protection of the laws. In 1954 the supreme court found segregation in schools to be unconstitutional, including students with disabilities. This importantn ruling gave parents a stronghold to start advocating for the right of their children with disabilities.

I could not find for the life of me where I found this information.

1965

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

It was enacted to provide federal aid to education and to provide resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students had access to quality education. With this statute in place, more families gain access to public education, even those with disabilities. Not only did this Statue help those in poverty, the amendments that followed this statue really helped states to develop educational programs to support students with disabilities.

Wrightslaw: Special Education Law, 2nd Edition, Chapter 3.

1971

PARC

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania October 8, 1971

Courts sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state-run institutions. The ruling called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation. The victory in PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania set a new standard conveying that students with disabilities deserve every educational opportunity that any other child should receive.

Sources: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html

1971

Mills

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

December 17, 1971/1972

This ruling made it unlawful for the D.C. Board of Education to deny "exceptional" individuals access to publicly funded educational opportunities. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia helped set the stage and sent a very clear message to any district in the United states that excluding, expelling, or suspending any student with out due process would not be tolerated.

Sources: http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/idea35/history/index_pg10.html

Larry P. v. Riles (1972)

In the case of Larry P. v. Riles, tests were being used to remove African American students from regular classes on the basis that the children were “educable mentally retarded.” Families pointed out that the tests were flawed due to bias, and the judge (quite appropriately) agreed.

1972

1975

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of

(1975)

This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities.

This was the first step to ensuring that parents had a legal say in their children's education. It also puts procedural safe guards in place to protect both the children and their parents.

GOALS

  • To ensure that special education services are available to children who need them
  • To guarantee that decisions about services to students with disabilities are fair and appropriate
  • To establish specific management and auditing requirements for special education
  • To provide federal funds to help the states educate students with disabilities

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/94/s6

1990

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government programs and services. Although each person is different, this law ensures that both children and adults with disabilities are to have the same rights and opportunities as everyone.

https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/disability/ada

1997

Individual with Disabilities Education Act 1997 (IDEA)

Stemming from the Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act, several key amendments were made that emphasized providing all students with access to the same curriculum and support transition services from high school to adult living.

Wanting to have students in the least restrictive environment and allowing them access to the same curriculum helps establish high expectations with them and also gives them the opportunity to collaborate with their peers. Thus, IDEA 1997 came to be and emphasized a free and appropriate public education (FAPE).

https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.pdf

2004

Amendment to IDEA Act 2004

Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention for students, greater accountability and improved educational outcomes, and raised the standards for instructors who teach special education classes. This amendment can also be linked to the No Child Left Behind Act which provides students with fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education.

Wrightslaw: Special Education Law, 2nd Edition, Chapter 3.

2028

Special Education In 2028

In the last 50 plus years we have made great strides in special education. We have adopted new laws, policy, procedures and safeguards benefiting both children and parents.

How will the next 5 or 50 years look like for special education in America?

Special thanks to K. Rebeschini (original content creator)

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