Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
39
By:
David Ten Bruggencate
John Hong
Paulina Kapela
Jason Lee
Ashley Payne
Lauren Swackhammer
The Renal System
Renal Capsule
Medulla
The Kidney
Renal Artery
Renal Column
TITLE
Renal Vein
Blood goes in, urine goes out!
FILTRATION and
COLLECTION are the main functions of the kidney.
Also plays an important role in homeostasis through regulation of BP and acid-base balance.
Renal Pelvis
Major Calyx
Cortex
Interlobar Arteries & Veins
Bowman's Capsule
The Nephron
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
The nephron is comprised of:
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
TITLE
Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct
The Renal Corpuscle
Filtrate
Glomerular Capillaries
- Made up of glomerulus, Bowman's Capsule, afferent/efferent arteriole
- First step in filtration - composition similar to blood plasma
- Efferent < Afferent arteriole to maintain pressure
- Mesangial cells found within glomerulus - help regulate filtration
- Juxtaglomerular and Macula Densa cells act on glomerulus to increase GFR
Glomerular
(Bowman's) Capsule
Efferent Arteriole
Afferent Arteriole
The Loop of Henle
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Descending Limb
- Only portion of nephron located in medulla.
- Functions in the recovery of essential molecules (ie water, sodium)
- Conserves energy and resources needed for survival by recycling essential molecules
Ascending Limb
Na+
Cl-
K+
H20
Collecting Duct
Multiple nephrons supply each collecting duct.
90-95% of solutes and water have been reabsorbed back into blood
Major roles of Collecting Duct:
1. PRINCIPAL cells
- water recovery ADH
- regulate osmolarity of blood and plasma
2. Aldosterone
- sodium recovery
- regulates Na+ recovery by reabsorption of Na+ and secretion K+ with Na+/K+ pump
3. INTERCALATED cells
- regulates pH levels by reabsorption of K+ and HCO3+ and secretion of H+.
Micturition
Ureter
Two Ureters
- narrow tubes move urine from kidneys to bladder
- back flow prevented with valves
- when urine backed up or allowed to stand still = kidney infection
- ureters empty urine into bladder every 10-15 seconds
Bladder
- hollow organ, held by ligaments attached to organs and pelvic bones
- walls relax and expand to store urine, contract and flatten to expel
- typical adult bladder can store up to 475 ml for 2-5 hours
Two Sphincters
- help keep urine from leaking, external = skeletal under voluntary control, the internal = smooth muscle, involuntary
Urethra
- brings urine outside the body when brain signals bladder to tighten and signals sphincter to relax
- when they happen in the right order, normal urination
Bladder
Urethra
When Things Go Wrong
Kidney Stones:
Increase of calcium, oxalate and uric acid within the urine
This imbalance can be attributed to:
- Oxalate imbalance
- One's diet e.g. chocolate, spinach
- Uric acid imbalance
- More susceptible if you are diabetic, overweight, or take diuretics
- Calcium imbalance
- Overstimulated parathyroid gland
Quiz Time!
Quiz Time!
Questions?
References
Betts, J. G., Desaix, P., Johnson, E., Johnson, J. E., Korol, O., Kruse, D., … Young, K. A. (2017). Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax College. p. 1201-1236. Retrieved from https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/AnatomyandPhysiology-OP_xxKIcSo.pdf
Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., (2102) Understanding Pathophysiology, Fifth Edition. Elsevier Mosby. p 724-764. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/414429961/Understanding-Pathophysiology-Fifth-Edition-Sue-Huether-pdf
Khan Academy. Urinary System Introduction. (n.d.) Khan Academy. Retrieved April 9, 2020 form https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/human-anatomy-and-physiology#introduction-to-the-kidneys
Lumen Learning. Anatomy and Physiology II. Lumen Learning. p.494-542. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/lumenlearning/success/Master+PDFs/Anatomy-and-Physiology-II_9-22-17.pdf
Portis, A. J., & Sundaram, C. P. (2001, April 1). Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0401/p1329.html
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. (2009). Principles of anatomy and physiology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley