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Discrimination & Exclusion in Sports
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Discrimination & Exclusion in Sports
Professor Houston
Discrimination Working Defintion
Opening
- the unjust or prejudicial treatment or different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex
- being excluded
Discrimination often turns violent
What is the rationale for discrimination?
How do we respond to such practices?
Rube Foster
The Dilemma of Myopia
Myopia: lack of imagination, foresight, or intellectual insight
Negro Baseball League provided professional opportunities for African American Baseball Players
Rube Foster
Known as "the father of Black Baseball"
Founded the Negro League in 1920.
- Provided opportunity for players, fans, and communities
"...it appealed to a cross section of fans who appreciated the fast-paced, daredevil "Africanized" style of play
In 1920, Foster set the wheels in motion to create the Negro National League, an association of black teams modeled after Major League Baseball. Foster was named president and treasurer. The first successful Negro league, the NNL flourished throughout the decade. Players’ salaries rose to an unprecedented level, teams traveled on a Pullman coach and players received regular bonuses.
Foster not only administered the league, but continued to serve as manager and owner of the American Giants. A strict coach, Foster had high expectations for his team and they rewarded him by winning the first three pennants. In 1926, the grueling schedule got to Foster and he suffered a nervous breakdown.
The Economics of Segregation
Positives of Segregation (oxymoronic)
- Segregation forced AA into a spirit of cooperation
-Unity (perfectly joined together)
Growth within economic circles
The Economics of Segregation
http://www.thevillagecelebration.com/negro-league-baseball-african-american-economy-2/
- Economic power still elusive
How racial and regional inequality affect economic opportunity
As Hardy, Logan, and Parman explain, there are a range of policies or practices that continue to disadvantage black individuals and communities throughout the U.S., impacting areas including:
Public education, which has often been underfunded in African-American majority schools, limiting skill acquisition and upward mobility for black Americans.
Employment discrimination, which makes it more difficult for black families to escape from poverty or build wealth in their community.
The social safety net system, where there is an increased likelihood of sanctioning and spending is less generous for black communities.
The criminal justice system, where poor outcomes for black Americans include higher bail and greater likelihood of monetary sanctions, among other penalties.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Negro_league_baseball_teams
The Need To Organize
If the Negro League was going to corner the market, blacks would have to seize control of their resource, black players." p. 105
The Need To Organize
p. 105 Strength in Numbers
- means is a phrase used to express that in a group, far more can be done compared to something alone.
- Safety
- Unity
- Ability to handle opposition
- Economic growth
- Ownership is key
the act, state, or right of possessing something.
"the ownership of land"
Why is ownership so important in success?
Philadelphia Connection
Octavious Catto
Educator
-Civil Rights Activist
- Pythian Base Ball Club of Philadelphia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_Catto
Can we afford to remain on the sidelines?
Philadelphia Connection
Dilemma of Neutrality
Dilemma of Neutrality
Neutrality - the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement
Why or How can this cause a dilemma?
Do we have a mandate/expectation to work against discrimination?
What intellectual and social responsibility to we have when we share our thoughts in a public forum?
What about Sense of Agency?
Real Problems/Real People
Real Problems Affecting Real People
1963
Medgar Evers, a field secretary with NAACP was shot and killed in front of his home in Jackson, Miss
In September a bomb exploded in the basement of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, AL killing 4 little girls
In November, JFK, was killed
https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2019-08-15/police-shootings-are-a-leading-cause-of-death-for-black-men
Maintenance of Power
What happens when challenged?
The viral amplification of Kaepernick’s individual action has inspired many athletes to reveal what they might have always felt but feared to say out loud.
Ownership is where power lies
Ownership: the act, state, or right of possessing something
i.e. Colin Kapernick
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/magazine/how-colin-kaepernicks-protest-is-connecting-playing-fields-to-the-streets.html
Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf