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George Washington Timeline
1
Early Battles
By: Lydia Schneider
1754 Campaign
1754 Campaign
The overall goal was to capture the French Fort Duquesne and push the French away from the Forks of the Ohio River.
Battle of Jummonville Glen
Battle of Jummonville Glen
On Washington's troops and his Native American Allies launch a surprise attack on French troops. The attack lasted fifteen minutes before the French surrendered.
Battle of Fort Necessity
On July 4th, Washington's troops were outnumbered nearly 3:1 by the French.
This lead to a standoff in a downpour eventually leading to Washington and his troops to abandon the fort.
Ultimately this downpour and the downhill location of the fort was a critical blow to British sucess. It resulted in the fort flooding, soaking the ammo and rendering it useless.
1755 Campaign
This was the second attempt on behalf of the British This time they placed General Edward Braddock in charge of ,George Washington serving as aide-de-camp.
The Battle of Monongahela
Battle of Monongahela
On July 9, Braddock's men were clearing a road for future British armies, when they were attacked by the French. The battle lasted several hours, nearly destroying Braddock's army.
The Battle of Monongahela continued...
Continued...
In response, Braddock attempted to initiate orders to retreat, however was shot moments later, the bullet piercing his lung and right arm.
Since Braddock was conscious but incapable of directing the retreat in person, Washington was left to carry out Braddock's orders and coordinate the retreat, restoring Washington's reputation after his defeat at Fort Necessity.
Picture
George Washington rallying the broken forces at the Battle of Monongahela on July 9, 1755. [Washington the Solider], c.1834, Library of Congress.
1758 Campaign
Also called the Forbes Expedition, after General Forbes. This was the 3rd attempt to capture Fort Duquesne.
General Forbes
Instead of useing the route Braddock had previously made, Forbes decided to advance directly towards the fort. While this choice shortened the march by 35 miles, it required the formation of a brand new road.
This did not sit well with Washington's regiment as it was them who were sent to forge this path. Additionally, Washington had recieved word that if Forbes's troops did not use Braddock's road Native Allies would not back the British should they be attacked.
Manpower
He lead 6,000 men including 2,000 Regulars, as well as Provicial Units from Pennsylvania & Virginia.
Manpower
Battle of Fort Duquesne
Major James Grant attacked the French controlled fort in late September. This resulted in 300 casualties on the British side, including six Virginia officers. The actions of Virginia Captain Thomas Bullitt prevented complete disaster for the British
Battle of Fort Duquesne
October 12th
Forbes steadily advanced toward the fort despite supply shortages, disease, inclement weather, and bad morale.
The French struck Forbes's army at Loyalhanna, which was roughly forty miles from Fort Duquesne, with a force of 1,300 French Canadians and Natives. During the battle, The British were forced back into their fortifications, and the French withdrew after killing two officers and killing or capturing sixty other soldiers.
Fort Ligonier
Continued...
Continued...
Two days later, the main British force advanced from Loyalhanna following a battle plan that Washington produced for Forbes.
During the advance, Forbes sent a missionary to convince native villages to join the British or stay neutral. This worked and many Indians deserted their French allies, while others believed the promise that the British would stay out of the land west of the Appalachians and agreed to remain neutral during the battle.
Picture
Reproduction of Fort Ligonier. From this position Gen. Forbes was able to march on Fort Duquesne. (Rob Shenk - MVLA)
Friendly Fire Incident
On November 12, 170 French-Canadians and Native Americans attacked British troops guarding a horse herd.
Forbes sent Washington's regiment and then Colonel George Mercer's troops towards the gunfire. Mercer's troops moved in behind the French positions while Washington's men advanced.
Mercer's advance guard opened fire on Washington's men after mistaking them for the enemy. The incident left thirty-five soldiers and two officers dead, but could have turned out much worse without Washington's quick thinking.