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10-08-2018
By: Vanessa Lopez and Sarah Jane Johnson
Non-cancerous Skin Growths
5 Skin tag
6 Seborrheic keratosis
7 Actinic keratosis
Description: upper layer of the skin, primary and secondary morbidity occurs, six major EPSD are scabies, pediculosis (capitis, corporis and pubis), tungiasis and hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans
Symptoms: itching
Method of diagnosis: usually determined by the infected/affected individual
Causes: stigma, lack of access to health care and deficient behaviour in seeking health care
Prevention: have safe sex for scabies, keep up good hygiene (for scabies)
Treatments/Cures: treat promptly, get diagnosed promptly
Epidemiology: scabies, pediculosis capitis and pediculosis pubis occur worldwide but pediculosis corporis is restricted to cold-climate countries, tungiasis only in the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa and South America
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.webmd.com%2Fdtmcms%2Flive%2Fwebmd%2Fconsumer_assets%2Fsite_images%2Farticles%2Fhealth_tools%2Fscabies_overview_slideshow%2F1800ss_webmd_rm_photo_of_various_skin_irritations.jpg%3Fresize%3D650px%3A*%26output-quality%3D50&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fskin-problems-and-treatments%2Fss%2Fslideshow-scabies-overview&docid=Ic3Ux7rKhNnKGM&tbnid=MYP-0voMwfv1pM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjjqb3C7vrdAhXnHjQIHT9oCbIQMwhLKAAwAA..i&w=650&h=433&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=scabies&ved=0ahUKEwjjqb3C7vrdAhXnHjQIHT9oCbIQMwhLKAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8
Feldmeier, Hermann, and Jorg Heukelbach. "Epidermal parasitic skin diseases: a neglected category of poverty-associated plagues/Les maladies parasitiques de l'epiderme: une categorie negligee de pathologies liees a la pauvrete/Parasitosis epidermicas: un problema desatendido asociado a la pobreza." Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Feb. 2009, p. 152+. Science In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A198350243/SCIC?u=atwa27133&sid=SCIC&xid=cc13864e. Accessed 5 Oct. 2018.
Description: a lump under the skin that is soft and moves when you touch it. commonly found on the neck, shoulders, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs
Symptoms: soft, small (but can grow big), sometimes painful
Method of diagnosis: physical exam, biopsy
Causes: likely genetic
Prevention: can’t
Treatments/Cures: can be removed surgically and with liposuction
Epidemiology: being 40-60 years old increases your chance of getting one
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2Fcd%2Fbd%2Fed%2Fcdbded13ab07d2ce1d12a568e47359ee.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F451697037597235194%2F&docid=yaRiQ4Z88ijesM&tbnid=JPxZiO1IkZ0AoM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwin_7X58vrdAhUDx58KHXnDB8EQMwhPKAQwBA..i&w=400&h=520&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=lipoma&ved=0ahUKEwin_7X58vrdAhUDx58KHXnDB8EQMwhPKAQwBA&iact=mrc&uact=8
“Lipoma (Skin Lumps): Causes, Diagnosis and Treatments.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/health/skin/lumps#diagnosis. Accessed 7 Oct. 2018.
Description: a raised area caused by an overgrowth of scar tissue, flesh-colored, red, or pink, nodular or ridged, at the site of an injury or wound
Symptoms: itchy
Method of diagnosis: made by looking at the skin, sometimes a biopsy is needed
Causes: can occur after an injury to the skin has healed (such as a burn), at the site of intentional alterations of the skin (such as an ear piercing), or as the result from medical procedures or illnesses (such as a vaccination or the chickenpox), it is thought that they are due to the body’s failure to turn off the healing process needed to repair skin
Prevention: avoid trauma to the skin, compression pressure dressing for high-risk patients who have suffered burns to their skin, prompt and proper treatment of skin abrasions and cuts, for physicians: close incisions with as little tension on the sutures as possible, and to use buried sutures whenever possible
Treatments/Cures: injection of corticosteroid drugs (thinner), laser treatment, radiation therapy, topical treatments are undergoing study, cryosurgery (freeze the keloid with liquid nitrogen), silastic gel sheeting (flattens),
Epidemiology: commonly found in women and young people under the age of 30, families, people with darker skin, and infrequently among the elderly.
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.britannica.com%2Fs%3A700x450%2F57%2F180857-004-89907CDF.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fkeloid&docid=IA-g9XsLMULLsM&tbnid=WpYcTRNsBK1QGM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwido6Ou9_rdAhVJiVQKHbTkCpAQMwhSKAcwBw..i&w=529&h=450&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=keloid&ved=0ahUKEwido6Ou9_rdAhVJiVQKHbTkCpAQMwhSKAcwBw&iact=mrc&uact=8
Description: small, dark, may fade overtime, appear anywhere on your body
Symptoms: color and texture, oval or round
Method of diagnosis: physical exam, biopsy
Causes: some are inherited and some are caused by sun exposure
Prevention: wear sunscreen and limit sun exposure
Treatments/Cures: Generally don’t require medical attention, but can be removed in a simple surgical procedure
Epidemiology: no one is safe
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fhips.hearstapps.com%2Fhmg-prod.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fimages%2Fmole-with-hair-1504094102.jpg%3Fcrop%3D1xw%3A1xh%3Bcenter%2Ctop%26resize%3D480%3A*&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmopolitan.com%2Fuk%2Fbody%2Fhealth%2Fa12119282%2Fpanickers-guide-moles-skin-cancer-melanoma%2F&docid=1UbGSVGPbzIssM&tbnid=Yd67Sgl0UAuC6M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiuqfnW-_rdAhWIxlQKHUgjCJkQMwhXKAwwDA..i&w=480&h=354&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=skin%20moles&ved=0ahUKEwiuqfnW-_rdAhWIxlQKHUgjCJkQMwhXKAwwDA&iact=mrc&uact=8
"Moles." World of Health, Gale, 2007. Science In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2191500853/SCIC?u=atwa27133&sid=SCIC&xid=6d53b044. Accessed 7 Oct. 2018.
Description: wrinkled flesh-colored or brown piece of skin, generally found in areas such as the neck, underarms, eyelid, upper chest, and groin folds; may appear as a bump on the skin.
Symptoms: none
Method of diagnosis: observation, physical examination
Causes: friction
Prevention: not preventable
Treatments/Cures: can be removed by cutting it off, freezing it with liquid nitrogen, or burning it with an electro cauterizer
Epidemiology: commonly found on people that are overweight
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.medicinenet.com%2Fimages%2Fappictures%2Fskin-tags-s2-what-is-a-skin-tag.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicinenet.com%2Fskin_tag%2Farticle.htm&docid=oWFbh6j80iqBMM&tbnid=8KRRRmHUTXmMTM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiTvuCC__rdAhXKxlQKHQY-BeQQMwhMKAEwAQ..i&w=340&h=340&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=skin%20tag&ved=0ahUKEwiTvuCC__rdAhXKxlQKHQY-BeQQMwhMKAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8
Stöppler, Melissa Conrad. “Skin Tags Causes, Removal, Remedies & Prevention.” EMedicineHealth - Health and Medical Information Produced by Doctors, www.emedicinehealth.com/skin_tags/article_em.htm#what_causes_skin_tags. Accessed 8 Oct. 2018.
Description: may transform into squamous cell carcinoma, seborrhoeic refers to an excessively oily or greasy surface, develop varying amounts of melanin, do not occur in hairless areas of the skin, occur mainly on arms and face...and can be in areas not always exposed to excessive sunlight, look like moles but smoother, brownish pigment
Symptoms: not painful or tender but can be inflamed or irritated if they are subjected to friction or manipulation
Method of diagnosis: physical examination
Causes: epidermal keratinocyte hyperplasia
Prevention: avoid excessive sunlight and if you do so wear sunscreen
Treatments/Cures: none
Epidemiology: They commence around the third decade of life, increase in frequency with increasing age, and are the most common pigmented lesion in people over 50.
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epiphanydermatology.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F05%2Fwhat_is_seborrheic_keratosis.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epiphanydermatology.com%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-seborrheic-keratosis-and-can-it-be-removed%2F&docid=Qx9uI_ZJfkqkPM&tbnid=q0bsPdJ3z0BbTM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwjf4qqqg_vdAhUIiFQKHf0tAsQQMwhRKAYwBg..i&w=2000&h=1327&safe=active&bih=714&biw=1536&q=seborrheic%20keratosis&ved=0ahUKEwjf4qqqg_vdAhUIiFQKHf0tAsQQMwhRKAYwBg&iact=mrc&uact=8
"Seborrhoeic keratosis; Basal cell papilloma, keratinocyte hyperplasia." Optician, 27 Feb. 2004, p. 1. Science In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A113626387/SCIC?u=atwa27133&sid=SCIC&xid=e21a9f9e. Accessed 8 Oct. 2018.
Description: rough scaly patch found on face, ears, lips, back of hands, forearms, scalp, and neck
Symptoms: rough and dry patch of skin, itching or burning, flat or slightly raised, varied colors
Method of diagnosis: physical examination, biopsy
Causes: caused by sun exposure
Prevention: limit sun exposure, avoid tanning beds, get your skin checked
Treatments/Cures: photodynamic therapy(chemical solution is applied to make the area sensitive to light, then the area is exposed to light that kills the skin cells), cryotherapy(freeze with liquid nitrogen), curettage(curette is used to scrape off the damaged cells and then an electric current is used to DESTROY the affected tissue)
Epidemiology: older than 40, live in sunny area, red or blonde hair, light colored eyes, weak immune system.
“Actinic Keratosis.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 7 Mar. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354975. Accessed 8 Oct. 2018.
“Actinic Keratosis.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 7 Mar. 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/actinic-keratosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354969. Accessed 8 Oct. 2018.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjP2MvshfvdAhVFwcQHHe-FBcIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdiseases-conditions%2Factinic-keratosis%2Fsymptoms-causes%2Fsyc-20354969&psig=AOvVaw39lAOwpBvWMFw-cUwZ4kSV&ust=1539232355570120