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The Rock Cycle
Transcript
The Rock Cycle
By: Ella Camp
Definitions
- properties of rock include fizz, texture, hardness, color, and some contain fossils
Definitions
- Rocks-made of one or more minerals of earth material
- Weathering-breaking down larger rocks into smaller particles (next slide explains the different types )
- Erosion-the process of moving weathered rock particles by ice, wind, water and gravity
- Deposition-sediment is laid down in new locations
- Stratification-arrangement of formation in layers
- Mechanical Weathering- when a particle changes mechanically
- Chemical Weathering-when a particle changes chemically
Types
of Weathering
- Compaction-to press together
- Cementation-to glue
- Lithification-to make rocks
- Cooling-the process of temperature dropping
- Melting-the process of a solid turning into a liquid
Rock Cycle Definitions
- Sedimentary-small pieces of rock
- Metamorphic-to change
- Igneous-fire
Rock Cycle Definitions
Sedimentary Rock
- formed when rocks erode, weather and deposit
- formed from sediments
- its features include stratification and the Law of Superposition
Sedimentary Rock
- happens due to compaction and cementation
- creates solid rock
- lithos means rock where as lithification is forming rocks
- occurs at the time a sediment is deposited or after it is deposited
- takes grains and squishes + glues them together to create new minerals or rocks
Lithification
Description
- sedimentary rocks have stratification which means the rocks contain an arragement or formation in layers; usually vertical or horizontal lines
- you can usually see the particles that make up sedimentary rocks
- the oldest rock particles are on the bottom while the youngest rock is on the top; Layer of Superposition
- most commonly found in marine environments or deserts
- formed from particles of sediments
- created from pre- exsisting rocks or pre- living organisms
Examples
Shale~
- clay particles
- marine environments
Example One
Sandstone~
- sand particles
- deserts & beaches
Example Two
Limestone~
3
- coral + CaCo
- marine environments
Example Three
Metamorphic Rock
- formed from any already formed rock
- created from heat and pressure
- its features include foliation
Metamorphic Rock
- there are two ways that grains are arranged in a metamorphic rock
- foliated and nonfoliated
Foliation
- foliated metamorphic rocks have parallel bands
- nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are arranged randomly
Description
- metamorphic rocks have foliation which means that the grains will be arraged in parallel bands or randomly
- these rocks are made from other rocks they just changed due to extreme heat and pressure because of this you can scarcly see the sediment particles in the rock
- can be found deep in the earth or mountainous regions
- rocks that have changed from tremendous heat and pressure
- have specifically laid grains
Example
Slate~
- foliated
- found on sides of some cliffs, underground and pits
- orginally came from clay
Example One
Marble~
- nonfoliated
- found by mining deep underground
- formed from limestone
Example Two
Quartzite~
- nonfoliated
- found deep in mountains
- orginally formed from quartz
Example Three
Igneous Rock
- classified by origin
- formed from cooling and melting
- created by hardened magma
- these rocks usually contain crystals
Igneous Rock
- hardened lava
- on the surface
- smaller crystal size
- extrusive igneous
- intrusive igneous
Extrusive + Intrusive
- hardened magma
- beneath the surface
- larger crystal size
Description
- igneous rocks contain crystals which can range throughout many sizes/shapes
- cooled lava and magma both crystallization
- these rocks are formed from fire
- can be found beneath the surface or on the surface
- formed from any already formed rock that was melted into magma or lava and cooled
Examples
Basalt~
- lava hardened
- on the surface
- smaller crystal size
Example One
Granite~
- magma hardened
- beneath the surface
- larger crystal size
Example Two
Obsidian~
- lava hardened
- on the surface
- smaller crystal size
Example Three
The Rock Cycle~
The Cycle
- this cycle consists of five different items
- they include sediments, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, magma, and igneous rock
- the cycle moves in various directions as seen in this picture
- sediments
- sedimentary rock
- metamorphic rock
- magma
- igneous rock
The five processes/items
- sediments are lithificated by cementation and compaction and formed into sedimentary rocks
- the sedimentary rocks are turned into metamorphic rocks by extreme heat and pressure
- the metamorphic rock then melts into magma
How the process works
- the magma then cools and crystallizes into an igneous rocks
- the igneous rocks weather, erode, and deposit
- this turns them back into sediments
- the process repeats, however there is multiple paths that the rocks can take such as the different rocks breaking down or melting into lava
How the process works cont.
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