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Christian Practices: Forms of Worship; Prayer; Sacraments
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Transcript
Christian Practices
Forms of Worship; Prayer and Sacraments
Forms of Worship
There are four key forms of worship in Christianity, and we will look at each of these today.
Liturgical Worship
Liturgical
- Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Church of England (Anglican) churches.
- Some acts of worship require a liturgy (a set order/pattern), for example, a Roman Catholic Mass
Features of liturgical worship
Features
- Set structure to the service,
- The use of set prayers and readings
- The service follows the text of a prayer book and is not improvised at all.
- Often takes place in a church but not always, for example, a papal open-air Mass or an Anglican Eucharist in the home of a sick person.
Why do some Christians prefer this?
Why do some Christians prefer this?
- The familiarity of the service makes them feel secure and they can join in with ease.
- They know exactly what to expect even in a church they have never been in before.
- They like the dignity that is typical of liturgical worship and think there is variety and choice within the set structure.
Note down everything you can remember about liturgical worship in the next minute.
Memory Task
Non-Liturgical Worship
Non -Liturgical
- Non-liturgical worship is typical of some nonconformist churches and tends to be Bible-based.
- It often follows a structure (for example, hymn, prayer, reading, hymn, sermon, prayer, hymn) but the service leader has free choice within that structure. They may choose a relevant theme for events in the world or community.
- The minister or person leading worship will choose Bible readings that will be based on the theme of the sermon. Prayer is usually in the person’s own words and personal style, known as extemporary prayer.
Why do some Christians prefer non-liturgical worship?
What ideas could you come up with?
Think, Pair, Share
Possible reasons to have non-liturgical worship
Possible ideas
- Liturgical acts of worship stifle genuine worship.
- The minister will know his clergy, and can fit his sermon to fit with the needs of his community.
Informal Worship
Informal
- Charismatic worship – Charismatic worship is a form of informal worship. The service has the characteristics of other forms of worship (hymns, sermon, prayer, readings), but is very free flowing.
- Evangelical churches are often charismatic in style. These have become more popular in recent church history in Britain.
- Another type of informal worship is Quaker worship.
What happens in charismatic worship?
Charismatic Worship
- In charismatic (spirit inspired) worship, the worshippers often speak in tongues (outbursts of praise in words that are not intelligible, but which express devotion to God). This is seen as a gift of the Holy Spirit.
- Singing, often accompanied by music, is lively. This has a much more relaxed feel to it. Some Christians believe it comes more from the heart.
Quaker Worship
Quaker Worship
- Quaker meetings – Quakers (The Society of Friends) have a very distinctive form of informal worship. There is no leader and no set structure at all.
- Those present usually sit in chairs forming a circle around a table on which there are a Bible and the book of Quaker writings.
- The worshippers sit in silence, until someone feels called to share thoughts with the others.
Write down as much as you can remember about informal worship.
Memory Task
Private
- Christians believe that private worship (worshipping on their own) is just as important as public worship. It can take place anywhere.
- It may be liturgical in structure, for example, an Anglican saying Morning and Evening Prayer every day, or a Roman Catholic saying the Rosary.
Private Worship
Private
- Some Roman Catholics say three times daily the Angelus, which is a structured series of short meditations on the incarnation.
- It may be non-liturgical, perhaps starting with reading a passage from the Bible or meditating.
- Christians might go into Church while they are out shopping, so that they can spend a short time worshipping God, shutting out the pressures and concerns of daily life.
- This can be done anywhere, and at any time.
Prayer
Prayer
There are two key types of prayer: set and informal
Set Prayers
Set Prayer
- Set prayers form a key part of liturgical worship, but many Christians also use them for private prayer.
- Many were given by great thinkers, literary figures and above all, deeply religious men and women.
- Some come from the Bible, such as the prayer starting with ‘The grace of Our Lord Jesus Christ…’ that is often said in both public and private worship and is taken from 2 Corinthians 13:14.
The Jesus Prayer
The Lord's Prayer
- Perhaps the simplest of all set prayers is the Jesus Prayer which says ‘Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner’.
- It is an Eastern Orthodox prayer which dates back to the fourth century, but is has become popular with Christians in other denominations as it is so simple, yet so profound.
- It is meant to be said and repeated many times, like chanting.
- Whilst repeating it, a person meditates.
- Some also use rhythmic breathing as they say the prayer. The first part is said while inhaling and the second part while exhaling.
The Lord's Prayer
The Lord's Prayer
Informal Prayer
Informal Prayer
- In public worship, this takes the form of extemporary prayer (prayer without preparation).
- Most Christians use their own words at least some of the time in their private prayers.
- Many prefer informal prayer to set prayers as they seem to come more directly from the heart, meeting their particular concerns.
Arrow Prayers
Arrow Prayers
- One type of informal prayer is known as the arrow prayer. These are very short prayers addressed to God spontaneously at a time of urgent need or in response to a particular situation.
- In a time of personal crisis a Christian might pray ‘Help me God’ or respond to getting though the crisis with ‘Thank you God’.
Sacraments
Sacraments
- The term ‘sacrament’ has been defined as ‘the external and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace’.
- In other words, a sacrament is something people can experience with their senses (see, taste, smell, hear, touch), but there is a deeper reality to it which cannot be experienced through the senses.
Protestant beliefs
Protestant beliefs
- The Protestant traditions generally acknowledge only two sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist.
- They are known as Gospel sacraments because they were authorised by Jesus and there are many references to their use in the books of the New Testament.
Catholic/Orthodox View
Catholic/Orthodox beliefs
- Roman Catholics, Orthodox Christians and some Anglicans recognise that they are all implied by the ministry of Jesus as recorded in the Gospels and the practice of the Early Church described in the rest of the New Testament.
- These seven sacraments are: baptism, confirmation (chrismation in the Orthodox Church), the Eucharist, reconciliation (sometimes referred to as confession), healing, marriage and ordination (becoming a priest).
Baptism
The Christian religious rite of sprinkling water on to a person's forehead or of immersing them in water, symbolizing purification or regeneration and admission to the Christian Church.
Outward Visible Sign
Water and Trinitarian formula
Outward Visible Sign
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
- Receiving the Holy Spirit,
- The removal of original sin,
- Entry into the kingdom of God/the Church.
Confirmation
Confirmation
The word means strengthening or deepening one's relationship with God. Confirmation is a popular practice in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches where infant baptism is also performed.
Outward Physical Sign
The laying on of hands by the bishop
Outward Physical sign
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
- Strengthening/sealing the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the person
- Becoming an adult member of the Church
Eucharist
Eucharist
The Christian service, ceremony, or sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed.
Outward Visible Sign
Bread and wine
Outward Visible Sign
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
Spiritual feeding with the body and blood of Christ
Reconciliation
Reconciliation
Absolution (getting rid) for the sins committed against God and neighbour and are reconciled with the community of the Church.
Outward Visible Sign
Outward Visible Sign
Words of absolution (forgiveness)
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
The forgiveness of sin
Anointing of the Sick
Healing
- In this sacrament a priest anoints the sick with oil blessed specifically for that purpose.
- A new illness or a worsening of health enables a person to receive the sacrament a further time.
Outward Visible Sign
Anointing and laying on of hands
Outward Visible Sign
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
- Spiritual and sometimes physical healing
- Preparation for death
Marriage
Marriage
This sacrament, seen as a sign of the love uniting Christ and the Church, establishes between the spouses a permanent and exclusive bond, sealed by God.
Outward Visible Sign
Rings
Outward Visible Sign:
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
The endless love between a couple.
Ordination
Ordination
Ordination is the Sacrament by which a man is made a bishop, a priest, and thus dedicated to be an image of Christ, or as a deacon, dedicated for service to the church.
Outward Visible Sign:
The laying on of hands by the bishop
Outward Visible Sign:
Inward Spiritual Grace
Inward Spiritual Grace
The special gifts of the Holy Spirit needed by a deacon or priest.
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