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School to Prison Pipeline

Tarah Pritchett

Oct 11, 2020

ITL 530

Professor Roanna Glynn

National University

Date 1

School-to-Prison Pipeline

The school to prison pipeline is a systemic epidemic across the nation triggered by zero tolerance policies, a lack of social-emotional learning and insufficient disciplinary plans across schools in the U.S.

Overview

An Overview

Overview of the Problem

What are the Facts?

What are the Facts?

  • 92,000 Students were arrested in 2011-2012

  • 74% of arrests were low-level violations

  • Black students are 3X more likely to be suspended or expelled than their white classmates

  • Of Students arrested or disciplined by a resource officer in secondary school 23% ended up in contact with a juvenile probation officer

( Nelson & Lind, 2015)

Which Students are Affected?

Who is Affected?

  • Students of color

  • Students with disabilities

  • Student's who have incarcerated parents

( Nelson & Lind, 2015)

Visualize the data

(US Department of Education)

Zero-Tolerance Policy

Zero-Tolerance

After several schools experienced active shooters and violent tragedies, many states began to adopt the "zero-tolerance" policy. This translated to a zero-tolerance of weapons brought on to school sites. Should students bring a weapon onto campus , they would be promptly suspended or expelled ( Nelson & Lind, 2015)

Good Intentions

Good Intentions

  • The goal of the zero-tolerance policy was to improve safety of students on school campuses and reduce the occurrences of violence at school.
  • At it's heart, this policy was geared towards protecting students well-being and safety

However, the implementation of the policy did not always reflect it's initial intentions.

Why This Policy is not Effective

Why This Policy isn't Effective

  • No clear criteria for what warrants suspension, expulsion or being arrested across states ( Nelson & Lind, 2015)

  • Administration started to rely more heavily on resource officers for discipline( Nelson & Lind, 2015)

  • The behavior issues were not solved, simply masked by removing the student from school

What is Lacking?

  • Principles of Fairness
  • Ask: Is the intervention fair to the child as an individual? (NU, 2018)
  • Removal of the student should be absolute last resort

  • Principles of Respect
  • The student should be treated with respect and dignity (NU, 2018)

  • Principles of Normalization
  • Students with disabilities should have the opportunity to have a normal school experience (NU, 2018)
  • The student should be moved forward in a general education classroom setting unless it is a benefit to the student to have special placement (NU, 2018)

Principles that are being missed

Repercussions of the Policy

Repercussions

How do we fix this?

The Solution

Restorative Justice

Restorative Justice

"Educate, not perpetuate the criminalization of young men of color." - Benjamin Williams

  • Encourage collaborative reconciliation that works with both parties involved in a problem by talking through the issue. (Williams, 2019)

  • Encourage students to use their voice and advocate for themselves

  • Opt for discipline that does not take students out of school

Classroom Management

Good classroom management can often times prevent altercations or violence in the classroom

  • Create an atmosphere of consistency and safety for students (Williams, 2019)

  • Have procedures that provide students the opportunity to be responsible for their behavior with proactivity rather than reactivity

"Students can only be [held] responsible for their behavior when they know the procedures"

(H. Wong & R. Wong, 2018)

Social-Emotional Learning

Integrating Social-Emotional Learning

"Students who feel secure and respected can better apply themselves to learning"

(Edutopia, 2008)

  • Provide students with healthy ways to express emotions

  • Help students to build self-confidence and sense of self-worth (Williams, 2019)

  • Provide students with tools and strategies for cooperative learning (Edutopia, 2008)

  • Show students that they are cared for
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