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ENERGY AND ITS FORMS
NON-RENEWANBLE ENERGY
NON RENEWANBLE ENERGY
A non-renewable resource is a source that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.
The main type of non renewable energies are "fossil fuels".
Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered non-renewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years.
All life on earth is sustained by energy from the Sun. Plants and animals can store energy and some of this energy remains with them when they die. It is the remains of these ancient animals and plants that make up fossil fuels.
Non-renewable energy
percentages
Non-renewable energies correspond to the 91% of total world energy. This percentage is composed by:
- 36% Oil
- 27% Coal
- 20% Natural gas
- 8% Nuclear
Percentages
Coal
Formed from fossilised plants and consisting of carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds.
ADVANTAGES:
- It is cheap to mine and to convert into energy.
DISADVANTAGES:
- When burned coal gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.
Coal
Oil
A carbon-based liquid formed from fossilised animals.
ADVANTAGES:
- Relatively cheap to extract and to convert into energy.
Oil
DISADVANTAGES:
- When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.
- Only a limited supply.
Natural gas
Methane and some other gases trapped between seams of rock under the earth's surface.
ADVANTAGES:
- Gas is a ready-made fuel.
- It is a relatively cheap form of energy
- It's a slightly cleaner fuel than coal and oil.
Natural gas
DISADVANTAGES:
- When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.
- Only limited supply of gas.
Nuclear power
Radioactive minerals such as uranium and plutonium are mined.
Electricity is generated from the energy that is released when the atoms of these minerals are split (by nuclear fission) in nuclear reactors.
Nuclear power
ADVANTAGES:
- A small amount of radioactive material produces a lot of energy.
DISADVANTAGES:
- Nuclear reactors are expensive to run.
- Nuclear waste is highly toxic, and needs to be safely stored for hundreds or thousands of years
ENERGY FROM THE SUN
The Sun is the main source of energy and drives almost all
of the Earth's systems such as weather,climate or biosphere.
Our Star is the major source of energy for organisms.
Plants,algae and some types of bacteria use sunlight to produce organic matter,powering biosphere's food chains.
With the continuous transfer of this energy between the various classes of the food chain only a small part is actually used, while the rest of it is transformed into other forms of energy that can not be used.
So without a continous input of energy,like our Sun, life on
Earth as we know would cease to exist.
ENERGY FROM THE SUN
Principle of conservation of energy
Principle of conservation of energy
Energy is all around us. A physical quantity that follows precise natural laws. One of the most important is the first principle of conservation of energy:
In an isolated system, the amount of energy is fixed. You can't create any more energy inside the system or destroy any of the energy that's already in there. But you can convert the energy you have from one form to another (and sometimes back again).
Efficiency
As we said,during the process of transformation of energy there is always a part which is turned into a unwanted form called "waste energy".
Efficiency is the ability to avoid wasting materials and energy in doing something or in producing a desired result. .In more mathematical or scientific terms, it is a measure of the extent to which input is well used for an intended task or function (output) and it is the quotient of the division between "Useful energy (Output)" and "Total energy (Input)".
Efficiency is usually rapresented by Sankey diagrams which summarise all the energy transfers taking place in a process.
ENERGY
ENERGY
Energy is the physical quantity that measures the ability of a body or a physical system to do work.
The SI unit of energy is the joule (J) or newton-meter (N * m). The joule is also the SI unit of work.
Different types of energy can be transferred from one type to another. Energy transfer diagrams show each type of energy, whether it is stored or not, and the processes taking place as it is transferred.
Sankey diagrams also show the relative amounts of each type of energy.
Types of Energy
Our universe has a finite amount of energy. It is neither created nor destroyed,but can take different forms:
ALL TYPES OF ENERGY
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is energy possessed by an object in motion. The earth revolving around the sun, you walking down the street, and molecules moving in space all have kinetic energy.
K.E. = 1/2 m v2
K.E
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass of the object and to the square of its velocity: If the mass has units of kilograms and the velocity of meters per second, the kinetic energy has units of kilograms-meters squared per second squared. Kinetic energy is usually measured in units of Joules (J).
Potential Energy
Potential energy is energy an object has because of its position relative to some other object. When you stand at the top of a stairwell you have more potential energy than when you are at the bottom, because the earth can pull you down through the force of gravity, doing work in the process..
The formula for potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects.
For the gravitational force the formula is P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity and H is the height in meters.
G.P.E
Chemical energy
Chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances. It is closely related to the concept of potential energy(depends on the position of the atoms and molecules).
Examples include batteries, food, gasoline, and more.
Chemical energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewable energies are the ones that are replenished as they are used.
It is estimated that 9% of the world's energy comes from renewable sources. It is expected to rise to 14% by 2035 if we continue at the same growth rate. They come from:
- Solar power
- Wind power
- Water power (and wave power)
- Biomass and biofuels
- Geothermical energy
- Wood
Solar power
Solar power is one of the most used between the renewable energies.It can be exploited in two ways.Solar cells (photocells) produces electrical energy directly of sun's rays.Solar panels, instead, are used to collect thermal (heat) from the Sun.
Solar power
ADVANTAGES
- No fuel is needed
- No harmful gases are released
DISADVANTAGES
- Only work with sunshine
- Only work during the day
Wind power
Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines
to mechanically power generators for electric power.
Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, consumes no water, and uses little land.
The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those of nonrenewable power sources.
Wind power
DISADVANTAGES
- Wind doesn't blow all the time
- Visual pollution
ADVANTAGES
- No fuel is needed
- No harmful gases are released
Water power
Hydroelectric energy is produced by the force of falling water. Building up behind a high dam, water accumulates potential energy. This is transformed into mechanical energy when the water rushes down the sluice and strikes the rotary blades of turbine. The turbine's rotation spins electromagnets which generate current in stationary coils of wire.
Water power
Waves
ADVANTAGES:
No fuel is needed
No harmful gases are released
DISADVANTAGES:
- Disrupt fishing and shipping
- Doens't work all the time
Waves
Tidal
DISADVANTAGES:
- Doesn't work all the time
- Sometimes could be harmful to fish
ADVANTAGES:
- No fuel is needed
- No harmful gases are released
Tidal
Biomass and Biofuels
Biomass energy is generated from decaying plant or animal waste.
It can also be an organic material which is burned to provide energy, eg heat, or electricity.
Biomass and Biofuels
ADVANTAGES:
- It is a cheap and readily available source of energy.
- If the crops are replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.
DISADVANTAGES:
- When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases. If crops are not replanted, biomass is a non-renewable resource
Geothermal energy
DISADVANTAGES:
- The cost of drilling wells to the geothermal reservoir is very expensive
- It’s hard to find remarkable geothermal reservoirs
ADVANTAGES:
- Non polluting type of energy
- Hot water can be used to heat houses
Geothermal energy
Wood
Obtained from felling trees, burned to generate heat and light.
DISADVANTAGES:
- When burned it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases
- If trees are not replanted wood is a non-renewable resource.
ADVANTAGES:
- A cheap and readily available source of energy.
- If the trees are replaced, wood burning can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.
Wood
Credits
Pasquale Schiavone
Chiara Paesano
2c
Maria Rita Orabona
2c
Thank you for the attention!