Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
FOUNDATIONS OF CANCER
9
2
Foundations of Cancer
9
" A cell is regarded as the true biological atom" .
- George Henry Lewes
8
Hallmarks of Cancer
7
6
Genome instability & mutation
Resisting
cell death
10
Deregulating
cellular energetics
1
Sustaining proliferation signaling
Evading growth supressors
3
3
Immune evasion
Avoiding immune destruction
4
Enabling replicative immortality
Treatments
Research Methodologies
Immunotherapies
There are several types of immunotherapy, including:
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Non-specific immunotherapies
- Oncolytic virus therapy
- T-cell therapy
- Cancer vaccines
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be used as an immunotherapy.
- For example, some monoclonal antibodies attach to specific proteins on cancer cells.
-This flags the cells so the immune system can find and destroy those cells.
- Other types of antibodies work by releasing the brakes on the immune system so it can destroy cancer cells. PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways are critical to the immune system’s ability to control cancer growth.
- These pathways are often called “immune checkpoints.” Many cancers use these pathways to escape the immune system.
- The immune system responds to the cancer by blocking these pathways with specific antibodies called immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Once the immune system is able to find and respond to the cancer, it can stop or slow cancer growth.
The following are examples of targetable immune checkpoints:
Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized type of flow cytometry.
- It provides a method for sorting a heterogeneous mixture of biological cells into two or more containers, one cell at a time, based upon the specific light scattering and fluorescent characteristics of each cell.
-It is a useful scientific instrument, as it provides fast, objective and quantitative recording of fluorescent signals from individual cells as well as physical separation of cells of particular interest.
5
Tumor-promoting inflammation
Activating invasion & metastasis
Inducing angiogensis
Clonal evolution
Cancers evolve by a reiterative process of clonal expansion, genetic diversification and clonal selection within the adaptive landscapes of tissue ecosystems. The dynamics are complex with highly variable patterns of genetic diversity and resultant clonal architecture. Therapeutic intervention may decimate cancer clones, and erode their habitats, but inadvertently provides potent selective pressure for the expansion of resistant variants. The inherently Darwinian character of cancer lies at the heart of therapeutic failure but perhaps also holds the key to more effective control.
The
evolution
of cancer
Therapeutic developments
Rising glolobal incidence rates
https://gco.iarc.fr/