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Readings in Philippine History

BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR

  • Miguel Anselmo Azcona Bernad
  • Father Francisco Colin
  • Father Pablo Pastells
  • Father Francisco Combes
  • Giovanni Francesco Careri
  • Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga
  • Wenceslao "Wenchesco" Emilio Retana y Gamboa

Miguel Anselmo Azcona Bernad

AUTHOR 1

He was a Filipino Jesuit priest, educator, linguist, critic, academic, historian, author, journalist and editor. Son of Misamis Mayor and Misamis Occidental Governor Don Anselmo Bernad, he entered the Society of Jesus on June 7, 1932 and was ordained March 24, 1946 in the Fordham University Church. He was editor-in-chief of Philippine Studies from 1956 to 1959 and founder of Kinaadman Journal Research Office in 1979.

Father Francisco Colin

AUTHOR 2

He is one of the most prominent Jesuit missionary and historian of the early colonial period. Studied the local languages to understanding of early Filipino culture and society His Labor Evangelica was first published in Madrid in 1663, three years after his death. He provided in the book an account of Magellan’s arrival and the first mass.

Father Pablo Pastells

AUTHOR 3

He prepared a new edition of Fr Colin’s Labor Evangelica, which was published in 1902, and which contained a correction about the first mass. He concluded that it was a historical error that Butuan was deemed the site of the First Easter Sunday Mass.

Father Francisco Combes

AUTHOR 4

He was a Spanish priest who established Christian monasteries in the Philippines in the 17th century. He was born in Zaragoza, and was educated from 1633 by the Jesuits in Tarragona. He spent several years in New Spain before embarking for Manila in 1643. He was ordained a priest in San Pedro Makati, and was sent to Zamboanga Combes had lived and worked as a missionary in the Philippines. His Historia de Mindanao y Jolo was printed in Madrid in 1667, four years after Colin’s work was published.

Giovanni Francesco Careri

AUTHOR 5

He was born in a middle-class family in Taurianova, Italy, 1651 and died on Naples in 1725. He was a seventeenth-century Italian adventurer and traveler.He was among the first Europeans to tour the world by securing passage on ships involved in the carrying trade; his travels, undertaken for pleasure rather than profit, may have inspired Around the World in Eighty Days.

Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga

AUTHOR 6

He was a priest and chronicles Spanish of the Philippines. He studied at the Royal College of Augustinian Missionaries of Valladolid, where he professed in 1779. He wrote Historia de las Islas Filipinas, published in Sampaloc in 1803 and translated into English by John Maver in 1814 under the title An Historical View of the Philippine Islands, and two editions were made of it.

Wenceslao "Wenchesco" Emilio Retana y Gamboa

AUTHOR 7

He was a 19th-century Spanish civil servant, colonial administrator, writer, biographer, political commentator, publisher, bibliophile, bibliographer, Filipiniana collector, Spanish filipinologist, and Philippine scholar.

•His name is omnipresent in any important work of Philippine historiography, as the foremost bibliographic contributor and writer on 19th-century Hispanic Philippines.

SUMMARY OF THE TOPIC

Summary of First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

In the 17th century, Father Francisco Colin S.J. works was published 3 years after his death. In his account, Magellan landed in Homonhon and he didn't clearly explain how Magellan got to Butuan and later in Limasawa. He mentioned the First Mass, the solemn planting of the cross and the formal taking possession of the Islands in the name of the Crown of Castile, as having taken place at Butuan on Easter Sunday of 1521. It was then reissued 240 years later by Father Pablo Pastells S.J.

In the mid-17th century, a Jesuit Writer named Father Francisco Combes S.J had written the Historia de Mindanao y Jolo which have a different version of the route taken by Magellan. It was issued 2 years after his death and 5 years after Colin's work was published. It was then reissued 230 years later edited by Wenceslao Retana assisted by Father Pastells. In his account, He did not mention the first Mass but mentioned the 2 other events which is from Pigafetta's account. Combes wrote that this events took place in Butuan. Combe's said that Magellan entered the Strait of Siargao.

When we compare Colin's and Combe's work they both picture out Magellan visiting both Butuan and Limasawa but in Colin's account he said that Magellan first went to Butuan then to Limasawa and Cebu while in Combe's account Magellan had visited Limasawa two times. He visited first Limasawa then Butuan then returns to Limasawa and then to Cebu. Both agreed that with the help of Limasawa's Chieftain Magellan had gone to Cebu. Both also agreed that they arrived in Cebu on the 7th of April 1521. It is the Octave of Easter or one week after the first mass which was supposed to be celebrated in Butuan. In Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri work named Giro del Mondo, he confused two distinct events which is the first mass and the baptism of the rajah of Cebu. He also confused regarding dates. Neither took place on Whitsunday; the first mass occurred on Easter Sunday, the baptism in Cebu took place two weeks later. Careri noted Colin misspelling of the word of Limasawa.

Summary of First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

  • 18th century

Colon does not say that Magellan first sighted the Cape of San Agustin and then sailed northwards along the Pacific coast of Mindanao, rounded Surigao point and then sailed westward to Butuan. Fray Juan de la Concepcion works named History of the Philippines was published in Manila shortly after his death. In his writing, he made an error that made his writing confusing.

First he thinks that the Islands called Las Velas, Marianas Islands and the archipelago of San Lazaro were the same thing.

Second he has misconstrued Magellan's route depicting him as sighting the southeastern tip of Mindanao and sailing northwards along the pacific coast of this island, and then entering by the Siargao strait into Limasawa which is at the entrance of that strait. In the late 18th and 19th century, writers had repeated Fray Juan de La Concepdon's error that the Archipelago of San Lazaro was another name for the Marianas islands.

  • The 19th century

Fray Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga published Historia de Filipinas which say he agreed that magellan landed in Butuan in 1521. His other works remain in his manuscripts for nearly a century until Rentana brought it into two volume edition. The Butuan Tradition has been take for granted which can be found through copying of authors to authors had made erroneous details that were peripheral to that tradition. The accumulated errors of three centuries may be found illustrated in the work of a Dominican friar. In his account, he had numerous misstatements. He had not checked the original sources and he hadn't even bothered to look at a map. Fray Valentin wrote that Magellan sailed to Cebu from Limasawa following between leyte and samar.

By that route Magellan should have ended up in the bicol peninsula not in cebu. Retana made no adverse comment on the mention of the first mass in Butuan. He published that the Butuan tradition was already very well entrenched. The Provincial and municipal authorities had erected the monument that is a witness of the Butuan tradition. The Jesuit scientists compiled their two volume work El archipelago filipino mentioned that monument and did not question the tradition which it represented.

CONTENT ANALYSIS

CONTENT ANALYSIS

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

Main

  • Brick Pillar Monument
  • Father Miguel A. Bernad

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

17TH CENTURY

  • Father Francisco Colin S.J. (1592 – 1660) entitled his account Labor Evangelica published in Madrid in 1663. His work was reissued 240 years later in a magnificent three-volume edition annotated by Father Pablo Pastells S.J. (Madrid, 1903).

  • 1698 (35 years after Colin’s work had appeared in Madrid) – there issued an account by the Calabrian, Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri entitles “Giro del Mondo (A Voyage Around the World)”.

  • Careri may have misread the work of Colin.

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

17TH CENTURY

  • Father Francisco Combes S.J. (1620 - 1665) entitled his account Historia de Mindanao y Jolo “History of Mindanao” published in Madrid in 1667. His work was reissued 230 years afterwards in edition edited by Wenceslao Retana assisted by Father Pastells.

  • Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga (1760-1818)

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

18TH CENTURY

Juan de la Concepcion (1724 - 1787)

  • “History of the Philippines”

Robert MacMicking’s Recollections published in London year 1851.

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

19TH CENTURY

Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga (1760-1818)

  • Historia de Filipinas was published in Sampaloc in 1803.

  • Retana bring out Zuniga’s work in a two-volume edition in 1893. Both of them are in favour with Butuan tradition.

  • John Foreman

  • - Valentin Morales y Martin "Limasagua" and "Guigan"

  • Jose Montero y Vidal

"El Archipielago Filipino"

"Historia General de Filipinas"

First Easter Sunday Mass: Butuan

19TH CENTURY

  • Two decades earlier, 1872 - It was not only a witness of Butuan tradition but it was also accepted in turn as confirmatory evidence for the tradition’s veracity

  • As late as the 1920’s - Ateneo de Manila accepted the Butuan tradition.

  • The passage of Ateneo de Manila obviously accepts not only the Butuan tradition but specifically the testimony of the Butuan monument regarding the site of the first Mass on the Philippine soil.

OVERALL CLAIM

The overall contention if this claim is that the site of first Easter Sunday mass in the Philippines on March 31, 1521 was held in Butuan in the Agusan del Norte, Philippines. Located at the North Eastern part of Agusan valley sprawling across the Agusan River. This account reassessed and re-examined the evidences which justifies the claim about the controversy that first mass was held in Butuan. One of the main proofs was the “Brick Pillar Monument.” It was erected in 1872 near the mouth of the Agusan River at a spot that was then within the municipal boundaries of Butuan but which today belongs to the separate municipality of Magallanes named after Ferdinand Magellan. It has a marble slab that contained an inscription which might be translated as “To the Immortal Magellan: the People of Butuan with their Parish Priest and the Spaniards resident therein, to commemorate his arrival and the celebration of the First Mass on this site on the 8th of April 1521. Erected In 1872, under the District Governor Jose Ma. Carvallo.” That monument is a testimonial to the tradition that remained vigorous until the end of the 19th century, namely, that Magellan and his expedition landed in Butuan and celebrated there the first Mass ever offered in the Philippine soil.

A lot of major historians attested the veracity of the claim including Father Francisco Colin and Father Francisco Combes. Bernad’s account also emphasizes the mistakes done by many historians. He made things clearer. Ateneo de Manila accepted the Butuan tradition although it took care to correct previous authors’ mistakes concerning the Marianas Island and other mistakes. The passage of Ateneo de Manila obviously accepts not only the Butuan tradition but specifically the testimony of the Butuan monument regarding the site of the first Mass on the Philippine soil.

2

We must always observe that the Butuan tradition was based on second-hand information. Second-hand stories, information, or opinions are those you learn about from other people rather than directly or from your own experience. He conceded that second-hand accounts are leading to rumour and counter-rumour. The denunciation was made on the basis of second-hand information. One author repeats (and often distorts) what previous authors have written and copied by subsequent authors. In such chain, one misstatement from one author could easily start a tradition that could last three centuries. This gives us idea that later writers were possibly cited those incorrect information about this controversy. One mistake can be a big effect for future historians or such misconceptions can lessen the validity rate of the claim. That’s why Father Miguel A. Bernad said that Butuan claim has been the more ascendant and persistent compared to Limasawa.

3

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONS

Our group evaluated and examined the two contradicting controversy about the site of the first Mass in the Philippines, held on an Easter Sunday, and we concluded and favored with Limasawa rather than in Butuan for the following reasons such as; Limasawa tradition came after the Butuan, it was proven with evidences that the first mass in the Philippines took place in Limasawa Island in Visayas on March 31, 1521 and was celebrated by Fr. Pedro Valderrama. In addition, evidences and arguments that was presented by the pro Butuan was not that convincing and most of the evidences they used in writing the account were written by non-eye witnesses.

The tradition, unlike the other, is supported with a number of solid proofs which includes the Albo’s log book, evidences of Pigafetta, and the evidence from Legazpi’s expedition, which Albo and Pigafetta are considered as the principal witnesses during the first Mass. Moreover, it was also strongly supported for the Republic Act No. 2733, is an act declaring the site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, where the first mass occurred. The purpose of this law is to declare that the advent of Christianity in the Philippines happened limasawa, this law is a statutory fiat and declares Limasawa a national shrine. After weighing the two sides, it made us believe that the Butuan tradition is clearly a historical error since it comes from mostly second-hand sources and it can just easily be mistaken.

2

Butuan: The Site of the First

Mass in the Philippines

END

“Two Sides of History: Juxtaposing the Claims”

Group 1

MEMBERS

Apruebo, Jendie

Araza, Ana

Aristosa, Kristen

Asuero, Shaila

Baging, Kristine

Sinogbuhan, John Patrick

Tan, Jose Joebert

Tapang, Ryker

Tayco, Garlyn

Villanueva, Charlene

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