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Celebrating "La Hispanidad"

The Evolution of

Latin Dance Music

By: Libby Gopal

Origins

Aztec round dance (c. 1520)

Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl & Xolotl

(a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion)

Original: Chamber of Deputies, Paris

Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago

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Latin dance has a deep cultural history rooted in traditional dances of the Mayans, Incas & Aztecas.

Portuguese & Spanish explorers colonize Mexico, Central America, the Carribean & portions of South America. A few Europeans wrote about the local ritual festivals.

Ancient Mayan Deer Dance

Yaocuauhtli Danza Cultural Aztec

Umapata Inca Dance

late 15th -

early 16th century

Blended ritual: Guatemalan dance-drama

Moros y cristianos: The dancer depicting the Moor is on the right & the Christian is on the left.

15th-16th

Century

European Influences

After the military conquest in the New World, religious music, processions, dance, & festivals became tools of cultural transformation & social control.

Catholic priests & monks allowed & encouraged indigenous dancers to continue their rituals but altered to incorporate Catholic saints & ideas.

15th - 16th century

Contradanza in Cuba

17th & 18th Century

Upper-class European Immigrant Influence

Fashionable European dances swept quickly through Latin America:

  • minuet
  • allemande
  • sarabande
  • chaconne
  • galliard
  • pavane
  • volta
  • contradanzas (common into early 21st cent)

Elements of these European dance styles were adopted into indigenous dance:

  • interlacing lines, bridges, circles, grand right-and-left patterns

17th - 18th century

African Influence

Merengue:

heritageinstitute.com

19th century

  • Social dances became fashionable in elite society.

  • They became more popular & spread across urban & rural areas where African slaves left a lasting impression on the styles.

  • Incorporated African dance elements: polycentric rhythms & movements, improvisation, body isolations & whole-foot steps.

African

Influence

3 Popular Modern Latin Dances

How to Dance Merengue

How to Dance Bachata

  • Merengue - the national dance of the Dominican Republic; a standard Latin American dance. A combination of 2 dances: the African & French Minuet (late 1700's - early 1800's)

  • Bachata - a dance from the Dominican Republic. Both the music & dance have been influenced by Cuban Bolero, the Merengue, Salsa & Cumbia.

  • Salsa - a dance born in NYC in the 1960s - 70s, it's a hybrid of traditional rhythms from Cuba (Son ) & Puerto Rico (Bomba y Plena ), with influences from Jazz & R&B. Common characteristics: syncopated clave rhythm, Spanish lyrics, and a strong rhythmic pulse punctuated by the trumpet or trombone.

How to Dance Salsa

Modern

Latin

Dance

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