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Rocks are made from many grains being joined together. Rocks come in many shapes and sizes. The three main rock types are Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic.
The rocks in the Earth are always changing due to the changes in the Earth, such as erosion. This is know as the Rock Cycle, which takes place over millions of years.
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Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment grains deposited by water, wind or ice. They are always formed in layers, called “beds” or “strata”, and quite often contain fossils.
Sedimentary rock can change into each main rock including itself. It can change into itself by weathering and erosion changing it sediment, then deposition, compaction, and cementation, making it's way back to sedimentary again. The way it changes to Igneous rock is when sedimentary melts and becomes magma. Now the magma can either erupt and become extrussive rock or cool inside the Earth and become Intrusive rock. The heat and pressure causes the Sedimentary rock to beome Metamorphic rock,
Sedimentary rock may be broken down into sediment once again by weathering and erosion. It may also form another type of rock. If it becomes buried deep enough within the crust to be subjected to increased temperature and pressure, it may change into metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rock may be broken down into sediment once again by weathering and erosion.
When Sedimentary rocks are heated with tremendous heat and pressure, it will melt and be back again to magma.
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Sediment is formed by weathering and erosion from the main rocks which are Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimantary rock. Sediment can make Sedimantary rock, it can change or form into Igneous and metamorphic rock.
Natrual elements caused by weather are heating and cooling, wedging, crystallisation, and pressure release. Heating and cooling is when the temperature causes the rock to stress. Wedging has two types. The first is when plant roots pack into the cracks of rocks and the roots begin to grow and break the rock into pieces. The second type is when water gets into the cracks of rocks and freeze, pushing a part of the rock away. Crystallisation is when water seeps deep into the rock that comes up to the surface and then evaportates. This causes fractures in the rock. As the process repeats itself, soon it will only be sediment. Pressure release is when a rock builds up weight that will then be released by pressure that will then cause the rock to end up in pieces. Natural element caused by erosion are wind, water, ice, and gravity.
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Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that change due to high heat or pressure. Conditions like these are found deep within the Earth Some examples of metamorphic rocks are gneiss, schist and slate. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have changed as a result of intense heat and pressure within the Earth's crust. They are crystaline and often have a squashed texture.
Weathering is the process of breakdown of rocks throught the action of wind, air, water and by the action of organisms. The metamorphic rocks get gradually converted into sedimentary rocks through this process.
If newly formed Metamorphic rock continues to heat and is put under a certain amount of pressure, it can eventually melt and turn into magma.
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Magma and Lava creates igneous rock. It destroys all of the three main types of rocks. it can also help to create metamorphic rock. Magma can have different compositions depending on how it was formed. Magma also varies in temperature, and in how much dissolved gas it contains. All of these factors control the viscosity of the magma (whether it is relatively runny or very thick and sticky). Viscosity, in turn, controls how magma behaves as it rises through the crust, and erupts at the surface. Sometimes, magma does not reach the surface. Instead, it stays within the crust, where it slowly cools and crystallises to form igneous intrusions
All igneous rocks are formed from magma, which is a naturally occuring substance that is molten or semi-molten. The Earth possesses magma beneath its surface, and other terrestrial planets and several naturally occuring satellites have also been confirmed to have magmatic activity. Igneous rock can also form underground when magma cools – These are called intrusive igneous rocks. As magma cools down slowly, it takes longer for crystals to form, which results in larger crystals forming
On the surface of a terrestrial planet or moon, molten or partially molten rock known as lava has been ejected from the planet or moon's interior. gneous rock can form outside the volcano when lava cools. These are called extrusive igneous rocks. Lava that falls in water or on the ground outside the volcano cools quickly to form igneous rock. As the lava cools quickly, there is not much time for crystals to form, which is why the crystals are quite small.
Basalt is an example of of an igneous rock, which forms from lava that cools quickly. This means it has very small crystals. It is a strong material used in construction
Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock called magma. They are mostly crystalline (made up of interlocking crystals) and usually very hard to break.
Igneous rock can change into Metamorphic and Sedimentarry rock in two different ways. It can change to Sedimantary by first weathering and erosion happening and then turning into sediment. After it turns to sediment, the process of how Sedimentary rock form starts. Igenous changes to metamorphic by the rock going below the surface and can be changed by hight temperature and pressure. The heat can be from the mantle or magma.
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Igneous rocks form into metamorphic rocks when they come under high pressure and/or temperature. Pressure and temperature forces the atoms to form new minerals and thereby a new kind of rock.
Intrusive Igneous rocks are the rocks that form at erupting volcanoes and oozing fissures. The magma, called lava when molten rock erupts on the surface, cools and solidifies almost instantly when it is exposed to the relatively cool temperature of the atmosphere.
On the surface, weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into pebbles, sand, and mud, creating sediment, which accumulates in basins on the Earth's surface. As successive layers of sediment settle on top of one another, the sediment near the bottom is compressed, hardens, and forms sedimentary rock.
This was once a series of both igneous and sedimentary rocks, which were deeply buried, folded by huge forces, and completely recrystallised at high temperature and pressure to form this beautifully banded and folded rock.
Deformation and metamorphism is the constant pressure and sudden movements put sedimentdary and igneous rocks under pressure. These forces create folds or fissures amoung the rock and admist all of this, rocks deform to create metamorphic rocks meaning that deformation and metamorphism is bassically the folding and faulting of rocks. The huge forces that move continents stretch and squash parts of the Earth’s crust, generating earthquakes and building mountains. They cause rocks near the surface to be fractured and faulted. At greater depth, the heat and pressure involved can cause folding and/or metamorphism.
crystal magma
As magma cools above and below ground, mineral crystals in the melt will begin to form and precipitate, in a process called crystallization which is the solidification of atoms or molecules into a highly structured form called crystal.
Erosion is where rocks are moved and warn away by water, wind, or ice. Transportation is when the force of the flowing water moves the mud, sand, pebbles and silt created by erosion.
Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by water, wind, or ice. It is a process in which matter is added to a surface. The particles are often deposited from a fluid, as they leave their suspension and settle on the surface.
As layers are piled one upon another, the sediments beneath are buried, sometimes by hundreds of metres of sediment above. The weight of these layers compacts (squashes down) the sediment grains. Minerals deposited from water in the spaces between the sediment grains gradually cements them together. Sediments cannot continue to build up indefinitely unless the surface on which they are deposited is slowly sinking – areas where this is happening are sometimes called Sedimentary Basins. Compaction is the processes by which sediments are changed into rock are complex, but can be simplified into two processes, called compaction and cementation.
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