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Social class inequality in education
400
Impacts of Social Class in Education
EDFD653
Group 3
Date 1
We acknowledge the Traditional Owners and Custodians of the land on which we meet today, the Bunurong and Wurundjeri Peoples of the Kulin Nation. We also pay our respects to their Elders past, present, and emerging.
1. Acknowledgment of Traditional Owners
First things first, lets break the ice a little...
2. Theory
ANSWER GARDEN
Tell us what your initial thoughts are!
https://answergarden.ch/2106769
Icebreaker Activity
Equity vs Equality
Social class: group of people with equal socioeconomic status or economic circumstances
Meritocratic society: social advancement determined by ability, talent and hard work.
Egalitarian society: uniform distribution or resources between social classes.
Life chances: opportunities each individual gets to achieve economic prosperity.
Quick definitions
If I give you 500 AUD and each privilege costs 100 AUD.
Which privileges from the following would you choose?
Privilege for sale
https://padlet.com/learnchinesebendigo/2qu9jwil5ohhuln7
(Safe Zone Project)
Functionalism: Society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose.
Conflict theory: Power is the core of all social relationships. Conflict as fundamental to social order.
Theoretical lens
(Chernoff, 2013)
4) Case Study
Australia, the land of the fair go!
A level playing field for all!
3. Cultural and Linguistic Diversity
Hang on a minute. Is it?
Type following numbers in the chat box to describe your experience.
1) Quick questions
- Type 1 if English is your first language and you can only speak English.
- Type 2 you can speak a language other than English.
- Type 3 if you have ever had an unequal learning experience because of your background.
Three dimensions
3)
Inequalities of Education
- Inequalities of opportunities
- Inequalities of experiences
- Inequalities of outcomes
(Perry, 2017)
Two perspectives
Two perspectives
- Aboriginal and Torres and Strait Islanders
- 30% indigenous households are in income poverty
- 47% of Indigenous meet the minimum proficiency science standard in TIMSS compared to 77% of non-Indigenous students.
- Immigrants
- Learning difficulties
- Language barriers
- Disengagement
- Discrimination
- Teacher's lower expectations
(Menken et al., 2012)
Case study
(Gilmour et al., 2018)
Conflict theory at lens
Theoretical lens
Conflict theory examines race and ethnicity in terms of economic and political power. Those with power use race and ethnicity to create inter-group conflict that will work to their advantage.
schools are a site for reproduction of social inequality, particularly class conflict and racial stratification.
Schools are not meritocratic.
Education is seen as maintaining the existing power structure while creating an underclass.
For Anna and her family, nothing was asked during the enrollment interview about any other language besides English being spoken at home. She worked hard and the results were the same.
(Chernoff, 2013)
Education system enforces existing social system.
What is the role of schooling in creating a more equal society?
Effects of race and social class on self success
Final remarks
Negative practices around race and social class cause significant and lasting damage.
In our culture, non-dominant races and the poor are seen as inferior and wealth and services distributed accordingly.
(Holmes, 2006)
2) Background in Australia
- Australians identify with more than 270 ancestries.
- Over 300 languages are now spoken throughout the country with 20% speaking a language besides English at home.
- In 2013, overseas migration represented 60% of Australia’s population growth.
- 2016, 49% of all Australian were born overseas or had one parent born overseas.
Migrants background in Australia
(ABS, 2016)
(Australian Human Rights Commission, 2014)
- In 2016, was estimated that 798,400 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were living in Australia, representing 3.3% of the population.
- Among the Indigenous Australian population in 2016, 91% identified as being of Aboriginal origin (an estimated 727,500 people).
Indigenous background in Australia
(ABS, 2019)
4. Disrupted Living Environment
The Living Environment, Wellbeing and Safety
When life didn't pan-out as expected...
How much can disrupted living really affect you?
Introductory Activity
Take a blank piece of paper and begin to
write your life story…
At different times, you will be asked to
fold your paper in half and continue
writing. This will occur 5 times. You
must find space to continue writing each time.
Background
Things to consider
- Out-Of-Home-Care (OoHC)
- Wellbeing
- Safety
Important definitions
(DET, 2021)
(Mental Health Commision of New South Wales, 2017)
(Oxford University Press, 2021)
2015:
- 32% of Victorian children in OoHC had been in care for 5 years or more
2017-2019:
- Number of children in OoHC rose by 7%
- 8 in 1000 children in OoHC
2020:
- 46,000+ children in OoHC across Australia
- 94% of these children are on a court-ordered protection order
- 32% of children in OoHC are aged 10-14
Facts
(AIHW, 2021)
Socioeconomic, Environmental & Psychological Considerations
Considerations
- Children from remote areas 3 times as likely to need OoHC
- Young people typically enter care due to abuse, neglect and/or domestic
- violence
- Additional trauma is caused by frequent placement changes and instability
- High rates of developmental and mental health issues throughout childhood and adolescence
(Department of health, 2011)
Impact on Education:
- Disengagement
- Poor academic performance
- Truancy
- Poor behaviour / frequent sanctions
Impact on education
(AIHW, 2021)
Case study
(Berry Street, 2020)
Who are they?
Independent child and family service organisation servicing around 35,000
Victorians each year.
Services:
- Out-of-Home-Care
- Trauma-Informed Therapy
- Education Services
(Berry Street, 2020)
- Designed in response to difficulties experienced by children from trauma or OoHC backgrounds in the education system.
- Endorsed by Researchers at the University of Melbourne.
- Practical approach to teaching and learning aimed to increase engagement and academic achievement.
- Evidence-based, trauma-aware teaching, positive education, and wellbeing practices.
How do they do it?
Pedagogical strategies:
- Five domains correspond with child-development capacities essential to be ‘ready to learn’.
- A focus on self-regulatory ability, relational capacity, and willingness to engage in learning.
Strategies
(Berry Street, 2020)
Berry Street
Video
The Social Theory Surrounding Family
The Fundamentalist Family
Theoretical Lens
What has been the historical relationship between social class and schools?
The Conflict Theorists Argument
If you are advantaged, you go to advantaged schools
And get a further advantage
The "haves" do not want the "have nots" to succeed like them
Conflict Theory
Berry Street tries to close this gap
Thomson (2017)
Correlates to Two Significant Disadvantages Low SES Experiences
1. Poor Health
2. Limited Access to Technology
Two Significant Impacts of COVID
1. Health
2. Remote Learning
5. COVID-19
The Impact of COVID-19
Health & Remote Learning
Health Concerns in
Low SES Families
Health
- Higher risk of COVID infection
- Low Access to Resources, Education and Opportunities
- A Poverty Cycle
- The APA links Poverty to Psychological & Physical Health
American Psychology Association (2020)
Several Significant Risk Factors
COVID Prevalence and Risk
- Poor Nutritional Status
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Chronic Lung Disease
Study Suggests the following plays key role in severe COVID infection
- Nutritional Status
- Diet & Lifestyle
THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION:
UNDERSTANDING NUTRITION AND LIFESTYLE ON HEALTH OUTCOMES
Zabatekis et al. (2020), APA (2020)
Physical Health Effects
Physical Health
Higher levels in
- Being sedentary
- Obesity and B.M.I
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Chronic Effects from Stress
Lack of access to
Good Playgrounds, Safe Playing Areas, Healthy Food Options
Miller et al. (2015), APA (2020)
Psychological Health Effects
Psychological Health
Associated with higher levels of
- Behavioural difficulties
- Emotional difficulties
- Morbidity and Mortality from Chronic Diseases Later in Life
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Cell aging
Miller et al. (2015), APA (2020)
A Successful Community Education Program
Case study
C.H.A.S.E
- Community Health Advancement and Student Engagement
- Melbourne not-for-profit organisation
www.chaseprogram.org.au
The CHASE Program
Education Program
CHASE website (2020)
CHASE Operates in the North-West Suburbs. Why?
Schools in the Local Government Areas of:
Brimbank, Melton, Moreland, Moonee Valley
Target
Health and community services in Melbourne's North and West are underfunded and under-resourced.
They report higher rates of preventable diseases and long term chronic health issues
Theoretical Lens
Why do people have different social, educational and economic opportunities available to them?
Theoretical Lens
CHASE aims to offer additional education opportunities to benefit the lower social class
The View from Education Organisations like CHASE
How do the two theories differ?
Conflict Theory
- The fight to even out resources and opportunity no matter the social status
Functionalist Theory
- Everyone plays their part in a meritocratic society that helps the wealthy and does not consider equity for all.
Remote learning
Remote learning
What is the digital divide?
- Access to computers & internet
- Skills and usage
- Learning environment & support
Access
Skills
- A quiet space to study
- Parental support
Environment
6. WHAT WE CAN DO?
Strategies
to tackle the issues
We would love to hear your opinion!
Class Activity
Which strategies do you think would be useful in your future classroom?
https://padlet.com/learnchinesebendigo/t2oo9cznflke1zxi
Cultural and linguistic diversity
- Content should be made available in English and home languages.
- Translations, subtitles and sign language options ought to be available in order to make it more accessible.
- Teachers to actively seek knowledge and understanding about each students' background, culture and language.
- Printed materials
- Pre-recorded content should be more widely available
- Training should be provided for students to be taught how to learn effectively through remote learning
- Positive learning attitudes
Remote Learning
Teachers, learners and parents should also be encouraged to create their own support groups
Disrupted learning environment
Current support and frameworks offered by schools:
(REF) In schools, partnering agreements are made to support out-of-care children. This promotes a framework to monitor engagement and achievement of children. This outlines guidance about key areas in which students would require support.