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1. What is innovation and how is it related to TLE?
2. What role does creativity play in innovation?
3. How can innovation assist problem-solving in TLE?
1. (Hjalager, 2010)
2. (Hjalager & Nordin, 2011)
3. (Broshi-Chen & Mansfield, 2021)
4. (Bruin & Jelincic, 2016)
5. (Rodriguez, et al., 2014)
How it started
General topic search
*Note: 3 sources were eliminated in order to keep the most relevant final 5*
Refined search
Final 5 sources
In exploring various sources throughout multiple databases, inclusion and exclusion criteria was essential in having access to only task relevant sources.
- any source that is not a peer reviewed article excluded
- sources dated outside 2010-2021 time frame excluded
- TLE wording wasn't used, instead key word "tourism" was used
- peer reviewed article type
- date range 2010-2021
- key words "innovation", "tourism", "creativity" etc.
- look to include recognisable scholars names seen throughout course (Hjalager for example)
Covid-19… a real-time catalyst in demonstrating the importance of innovation among businesses within the TLE industry. Innovation, though a vague concept, is, in essence, the process whereby new ideas, processes and systems come into play, within a business’s state of affairs, with reference to Hjalager (2010), in creative destruction.
While the explored sources highlighted the ignorance, contemporary research has shown in recognising innovation within the tourism sector, potentially due to the industry’s intangible nature, it is explicitly evident that it plays an important role in businesses’ survival within the industry and can be implemented in many ways. Little to no entry barriers therefore means businesses within tourism must use innovation as a tool in enhancing competitiveness in a crowded business setting, in order to stand out and continue to meet consumer demands through the offering of higher and emerging value and experience opportunities (Hjalager & Nordin, 2011).
Hjalager & Nordin (2011), goes on to say that innovation, particularly within TLEM, arises through the need to respond to major external development trends, whether this be economical, environmental, social etc. Broshi-Chen & Mansfield (2021) highlight covid-19 as a current example of an external environmental challenge in which the tourism industry was forced to adapt to in order to accommodate the emerging risk of the virus, consumers, and the long-term challenges that had the potential to devastate the industry, and in some ways did. QR code check ins were implemented as an innovative method, in the TLE industry particularly, in responding to the events of Covid 19, a way in which allowed the industry to somewhat continue operations throughout the pandemic.
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-The correlation of creativity and innovation reflects an inherent advantage in supporting flexibility and non-standardised domains in paving the way for these new developmental changes, with Rodriguez et al., (2014) stating that a lack of creativity stands as a barrier for innovation within a business.
- As the tourism industry is heavily reliant on the demands of consumers, the value of creativity is unmatched in taking a flexible and “out of the box” approach of dealing with these emerging demands.
- In doing this, a business will display attributes of open-mindedness and adaptive behaviour in the exploration of innovative product delivery and offering, using creativity to avoid imitation, in consideration of the high levels of imitation evident within the industry (Tsolakidis, et al., 2020).
-Chen & Mansfield (2021), go on to discuss that creativity leads the way in stepping out of those standardised approaches in business as it is a significant tool in expanding upon ideas, thus creating these “out of the box” innovation processes that promote competitive advantage.
Imitation in TLE?
- Bruin & Jelincic (2016) explores an interesting concept in which discusses the idea of a “creative turn” in society, in which is thought to offer many opportunities for within the tourism industry in coming years and is a great example of creativity within innovation.
- The notion looks at a recent, noticeable shift in consumers originally seeking an individual gain from a tourism experience, to a greater care and awareness for societal problems as a whole, referred to as conscious capitalism.
- This has allowed the tourism industry to open up to a whole new market of socially conscious tourism, in which will capture the shared influences of the social and creative interest, and potentially evolve sustainable tourism as it stands.
- This concept will be acted out through the integration of tourist experience, alongside active positive social impact participation, in not only creating a richer experience for the consumer, but for society as a whole, embracing creativity in the industry.
- In the same way Hjalager (2010) concludes that those more socially aware and sustainable innovations prove a current area of interest, and are of high priority for the tourism sector in the foreseeable future.
- Alongside creativity, Hjalager (2010) discusses that innovation allows for the process of bringing any new problem solving idea into use, the process of physically implementing these new ideas.
- As alluded to previously, Hjalager & Nordin (2011) recognise that innovations arise in response to major external challenges, therefore developed innovative strategies can not only be used to respond to the threat in the most basic form, but a business who integrates creative innovation will allow for a rapid, flexible and adaptive approach, evidenced within crisis management.
- This is particularly important within the ever-changing industry of tourism, and more so since the events of covid-19 have taken place.
- Broshi-Chen & Mansfeld (2021) explored the real-world example of covid-19 and crisis management within the TLE industry, and that now more than ever it is prevalent that no destination, event, business, etc. is immune from any type of crises.
- The article continued to shed light on the importance of the industry gaining resilience and adapting quickly to these unexpected hazards through innovation. Innovation leads the way to resilient, rapid and forward-thinking strategies in allowing the ever-changing TLE industry to respond to these unpredicted events, in order to ensure success (Rodriguez, et al., 2014).
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