ENGL E101F Wk 3 S2

Meet Micro Mayor James

What is a mayor?

A person elected to run a city in a fixed period of time

Meet Micro Mayor James

• How old is James?
• He is a mayor. What is his duty?
• What should a mayor do according to Robert, James's brother?
• Steve Harvey, the host made fun of a person. Who is that?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4X4GyuiCh14

What did we do in the last class?

• Self-improvement
• Patient Case Report
• Summary practice

Reminder

• Please remember to complete the self-improvement form and send it to me not later than 27 Sept, next Tuesday.

Key ideas

Situation:

• Omanga's case not isolated

• 6 deaths in the last four years

• Some suffered serious injuries

• often punished for petty offences:
• coming late to school
• wearing a torn uniform

Key ideas

Causes:

• Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs:

• In favour of corporal punishment

• Would descend into chaos

• Children would become even more unruly

• Less rather than more violence

Key ideas

• Large class sizes:

• One of the few disciplinary tools available given large class sizes

• Teacher-pupil ratio: 1:31

• Class of 50-60 students are common

• Burden heaviest in rural areas with teachers' posts left vacant

Key ideas

• Not banned as difficulties in prosecution:

• Attempt to ban

• Fail because of teachers' oppositions

• No teacher has been convicted

Paraphrasing

• Prepare a summary by paraphrasing the key ideas.
• Write in paragraphs.

Paraphrasing

Situation:

The use of corporal punishment is common in Kenyan schools.

At least 6 students died of corporal punishment in the past 4 years.

Paraphrasing

Situation:

There have been reports of students sustaining serious injuries caused by corporal punishment.

Students are often punished for minor offences such as lateness or untidiness.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs

The use of corporal punishment received overwhelming support from the teachers' union.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs

Many teachers believe that corporal punishment is the best way to deal with unruly behaviour and that it will decrease children violence in the long run.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Large class size

The national teacher-pupil ratio is 1:31, which means in many schools the class size is commonly big.

To manage a big class of 50 to 60 students, corporal punishment is considered to be a good disciplinary tool.

This is particularly true with rural schools where there are many unfilled teaching posts.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Not banned as difficulties in prosecution

Even though there was an attempt to ban the practice a few years back, it was not successful due to teachers' opposition.

Corporal punishment at school is not a criminal offence.

Patient's background

Result of the Quiz

• 25 responses were received.
• The part of speech of 'window' and 'avoid' is unanimously agreed upon.
• The answers of these words are quite diversified. They include:
• meander; grin; iridescent; comatose & ennui

Result of the Quiz

noun

Result of the Quiz

noun

Result of the Quiz

Result of the Quiz

adjective/noun

Result of the Quiz

conjunction

Result of the Quiz

preposition & adverb

under the table vs

go under the bridge

Result of the Quiz

pronoun

Result of the Quiz

verb

Result of the Quiz

adverb

Result of the Quiz

Result of the Quiz

Result of the Quiz

Result of the Quiz

verb

Result of the Quiz

conjunction

Result of the Quiz

Result of the Quiz

conjunction

Result of the Quiz

verb

Result of the Quiz

pronoun

Result of the Quiz

noun

Result of the Quiz

adverb

Result of the Quiz

noun/verb

Result of the Quiz

verb/noun

Result of the Quiz

adjective

Result of the Quiz

adjective

Only 24% are correct

Result of the Quiz

noun

About the result

About the result

About the result

Any implication/ indication

1. How well the words are learned

2. How good your performance in proofreading will be

3. A signal for brushing up your English

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

Proofreading

One grammatical error on every line.

No punctuation errors

Do not make unnecessary changes including the meaning

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

Art: articles (a, an & the)

Part of Sp: nouns, pronouns, articles, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions

Pron: pronouns

whose

a large number

originally (are credited)

Plural N: plural noun

S/V Ag: subject verb agreement

Verb Const: verb construction

Voice: passive or active voice

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

took

events

had really taken

glamourous

saves

romantically

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

Aux. Verb: auxiliary verb e.g has come

Participle: present (going), past (gone)

Prep: preposition

are rotated

lasting

to signal

At

would like

information

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

over

is

efficient

eliminates

be quiet

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

been

decide whether/if they

participating

in/ within

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

Activity 7 (P. 9 & 10)

What is it?

The part a word plays in a sentence

Example: John will come to see us soon.

What is the part of speech of each word?

John will come to see us soon.

Pronoun

Verb: finite

Noun

Verb:

non-finite

Adverb

8 parts of speech

Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Articles

Verbs Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions

May also include:

interjection or exclamation

8 parts of speech

Nouns

Common nouns e.g. book

Proper nouns e.g. Hong Kong

Abstract nouns e.g. love

Collective nouns e.g. a herd

8 parts of speech

Pronouns

Subject pronouns e.g. They

Object pronouns e.g. them

Possessive adjectives e.g. their

Possessive pronouns e.g. theirs

Reflexive/ emphatic pronouns e.g. themselves

8 parts of speech

Articles

Indefinite articles e.g. a, an

Definite articles e.g. the

Adjectives

tall, beautiful

comparatives e.g. taller, more beautiful

superlatives e.g. the tallest, the most beautiful

8 parts of speech

Verbs

Finite verbs e.g. They have gone swimming.

Tense and aspect, Voice

Non-finite verbs e.g. Gerund, Infinitives, Participles

Gerund (verbal noun) e.g.

They have gone swimming.

Infinitives e.g.

I want to go swimming too. Please let me go with them.

Participles e.g. the running water, the broken chair.

8 parts of speech

Adverbs

slowly, fast

Comparatives e.g. more slowly, faster

Superlatives e.g. the most slowly, the fastest

Prepositions

Place e.g. in a room

Time e.g. at six

Location e.g. under the water

Phrasal verbs (verbs + prepositions) e.g. look into

8 parts of speech

Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions e.g. and, but

Subordinating conjunctions e.g. when, because

8 parts of speech

Related patterns

Phrases

Noun phrases e.g. the head of the family

Adjective phrases e.g. with brown hair

Adverbial phrases e.g. the day after tomorrow

Prepositional phrases e.g. in the morning, by the river

8 parts of speech

Clauses

Noun clauses

He told me that you won the writing competition.

Adjective clauses

The girl who is standing there is a cousin of mine.

Donald Trump, who is a billionaire, has become the President of the USA.

Compare:

The news that he will move to New York is rather shocking.

The news that arrived this morning is rather shocking.

8 parts of speech

Adverb clauses

People like to go hiking when it is cool. (time)

Although he is fat, he runs very fast. (concession)

He stood up so that he could see more clearly. (purpose)

Reason, condition, place, results, etc

Word formation

Process

Borrowing e.g. ballet

Coinage e.g. sandwich

shortening e.g. JUPAS, flu, brunch, edit

Compounding e.g. pickpocket, fire-engine

Conversion e.g. attack (v) to attack (n)

Derivation e.g. dishonest (dis + honest), treatment (treat + ment)

Word formation

Conversion and derivation

Conversion: from one part of speech to another part of speech without changing the form and pronunciation e.g. fax, love

Derivation: add prefix e.g. unhappy or suffix e.g. careful, distribution

Therefore, endings often tell us which part of speech the word belongs to.

Word formation

Some examples

Adverbs

careful(ly), quick(ly), happ(ily)

Except: silly, friendly, etc

Nouns

relat(ion), dictat(ion)

complete(ness), happi(ness)

local(ity), real(ity)

friend(ship), hard(ship)

child(hood), brother(hood)

develop(ment), govern(ment)

Others: confiden(ce), proficien(cy)

Word formation

Verbs

(en)joy, fast(en), loos(en), (en)sure, (en)danger

beauti(fy), satis(fy)

Adjectives

help(ful), use(ful)

help(less), use(less)

chingl(ish), fool(ish)

angr(y), hungr(y)

danger(ous), conscienti(ous)

comfort(able), un(able)

Presentation

Work in groups

Do some reading and research and present what you have found in class

Duration: not more than 10 minutes

Present with ppt

Worksheets can be distributed

Week 9

Presentation

Here are some reference books that may help.

Online dictionaries:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english

http://www.freecollocation.com/