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Trenches were long narrow ditches that were firtstly used in WW1, where two opposing sides would attack and defend against each other.
These ditches were invented by a french military engeneer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban in the 17th century, and their purpuse was to protect soldiers from machine guns and heavy artillery; the first trenches were dug along the Western Front (North east of France and Belgium) in 1914.
The condition in which soldiers had to live inside trenches was atrocheous. Their diet consisted of: rationed cold food in cans (if they wanted a nice meal they had to catch it by them selves), vegetebles like corn, potatoes and lettuce.
In the trenches there were rats and different types of anymals, who caused epidemics and plagues. The most common illness's were headaches, malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and different types of fevers.
Being a soldier was very hard in WW1; they would not sleep for days, live in poorn and dirty conditions and not have enough stamina to walk.
They needed to stay alert 24-7 for the fear of dying, and if they needed to move they would need to abando the trench and build a new one, so they had to carry the equipment to dig trenches.
Because the soldiers were spending so much time in trenches, and under pressure, most of them suffered from mental illneses like PTSD, which changed their attitude a lot during and after the war (if they survived) .
Being exposed to bad weather, impacted their health; one common disease was called the "trench foot", in which dead tissue spread across the feet. It was so dangerous that in some cases it required the amputation of the foot or both feet.
“Trench Conditions - Rats, Lice, and Exhaustion.” Canada and the First World War, https://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/life-at-the-front/trench-conditions/rats-lice-and-exhaustion/#:~:text=Trench%20life%20involved%20long%20periods,at%20their%20health%20and%20stamina.
“Trench Warfare.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/trench-warfare.
“World War I Begins.” Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs - State of Delaware, 13 Apr. 2021, https://history.delaware.gov/world-war-i/#:~:text=During%20World%20War%20I%2C%20trench,and%20thus%20prolonging%20the%20war.
Dunleavy, Brian. “Life in the Trenches of World War I.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 23 Apr. 2018, https://www.history.com/news/life-in-the-trenches-of-world-war-i#:~:text=Disease%20and%20'shell%20shock'%20were%20rampant%20in%20the%20trenches.&text=As%20they%20were%20often%20effectively,traumatic%20stress%20disorder%20(PTSD).