ECLG 633

Later In Life

- Studied at Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute

- Met Anna Freud and focused his studies on Psychoanalysis and developmental stages.

- Erikson received a diploma from the institute, but never received a formal degree.

- In 1933, came to the U.S. and became Bostons first child analyst.

- Obtained positions in Yale and Harvard.

Later In

Life

Eight Stages

Hope

Purpose

1) Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

• A baby will either develop basic trust in his or her caregiver

or will grow to view the world as a dangerous place, depending upon whether the baby gets sensitive, nurturing care.

2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)

• Children can either develop a sense of competence and independence or deep shame. Mistrust in others and self will make it more difficult to successfully achieve a sense of autonomy.

3) Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years)

• Children develop a sense of initiative if they are able to explore their environments and discover they are able to do things on their own. If a child is made to feel guilty about making his or her own choices, the child will develop a sense of guilt rather than initiative.

4) Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

• During this phase, a child compares themselves to others and either develops a sense of industry and work ethic

or feelings of inadequacy.

Eight

Stages

Competence

Willpower

Eight Stages cont.

Fidelity

Care

5) Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 20 years)

• During this period, teens may have an identity crisis, questioning their roles in the world and future goals.

If parents allow youth to explore the world, they'll

develop their own identities, but those who are punished for autonomy may develop role confusion.

6) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)

• The development of strong friendships and healthy intimate relationships help people develop intimacy,

but people who fail at this task may become isolated.

7) Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)

• People who develop a sense of purpose—from parenting, hobbies, or a career—excel during this

period, but those who find no purpose or value in

their activities may stagnate.

8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)

• People may look back on their lives fondly

or feel an overpowering sense of regret

and despair.

Eight Stages

Cont.

Wisdom

Love

Facts

Fun Facts

• Believed child play had a big role in understanding the child's ego and identity development.
• Also studied childhood myths of Hitler in an attempt to understand the political events in Germany.
• Studied Sioux and Yurok tribes, which consisted of basic principles and observations that laid a foundation for his theory.
• Used this information to further compare and contrast Native Americans and African Americans to identify their place in American society.