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What is an Herbarium?

  • Library of dried plant and/or plant-like organisms, typically arranged by evolutionary relationships among families

What is an herbarium?

Ray J. Davis Herbarium Statistics

  • Nearly 75,000 vascular plants
  • Smaller Collections
  • Lichens
  • Fungi
  • Algae
  • Bryophytes

Logbook

  • Date
  • Name
  • Institution
  • Reason for Visit
  • Time Spent

Log Book

Importance

  • Funding
  • University Support
  • ISU Professor of Botany from 1930-1965

  • Founded herbarium 1931

  • Added more than 35,000 vascular plant specimens to the collection

Ray J. Davis

©Hunt Institute, 1997

Published 1952

  • Published 1952

  • 72 collaborators

Collaborative Effort with 72? other botanists

Bighead knapweed (Centuarea macrocephala),

Collected 1965 by Ray J. Davis

Arthur Cronquist

  • Undergraduate Student working with Ray J. Davis

  • Developed a classification system for flowering plants

  • Co-authored several floras

Western columbine

(Aquilegia formosa)

Collected 1941 by Arthur Cronquist

Karl E. Holte

  • Curator from 1965-1997

  • Grew collection to ca. 50,000 specimens

  • Teaches keying/paper discussion class to anyone interested in learning more about plants

Charles F. "Rick" Williams

  • Curator from 2008-2018

  • Researches plant evolutionary ecology

  • Grew collection to >74,000 vascular plants, with ~2000 added per year

Idaho Botanical Foray

  • Annual Collecting Event

  • Amateur and Professional Botanists, Students

  • Hosted on a rotating schedule by one of the 4 largest herbaria in the state

  • Region of Idaho chosen by where we lack collections, research interests of professionals, where we haven't collected in 50 or more years

Dryer at greenhouse with plant press and fruit dehydrator tray for drying mushrooms

Freezing Specimens

  • Specimens are wrapped in paper and cardboard and then put in plastic bags or boxes.

  • Frozen for 2 weeks; 48 hours in, 24 hours out

  • Kills pests

©NYBG Herbarium

Unidentified 2020 Botany Foray specimens sorted alphabetically by family

Collector's Initials

Collection Number

Date

Location

Taxonomic group (e.g. family)

Unicate, Duplicate, etc. number

Identification

  • Taxonomic, dichotomous keys

  • Drawings, Pictures, Herbarium specimens

  • Dissecting Microscope & Hand lens
  • Ruler
  • Dissecting Tools: needle, forceps, razor blades or scalpel

Topic

Style

Topic

Mounting

Why mount?

  • Dried plants are brittle and fragile.
  • Prevents damage to specimen.

Topic

Herbarium associated with the collector or expedition

Scientific Name and Authority(ies)

Family

{

Location

Habitat

Coordinates

Date

Elevation

Collector

Collection Number

Associated Collectors

Collection Event, Expedition, or Trip

Research Using Herbarium Specimens

  • To provide a record (voucher) of the flora collected during a research project.

  • To provide tissue for DNA analyses for evolution and genetic studies.

  • To provide information about phenology.

  • To chronicle changes in plant distributions and communities over time.

Topic

Property Stamp & Barcode Number

Barcoding, Stamping, Accessioning

Accession Number

Barcode

Imaging

To see our specimens search the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria at

https://pnwherbaria.org/

Images to process and upload to database

How cabinets are organized

Overall: Phylogenetically, i.e. by evolutionary relationships, by how families are related

Within a cabinet:

  • By folder color
  • By genus

Within a genus folder:

  • By species, subspecies, variety

Native Plants of ID

Special Collections: Old Specimens

Plants People Use

Special Collections: Types

Non-native Plants

in ID

Native Idaho Plants

Fragile Fern

Cystopteris fragilis

Oniongrass

Melica bulbosa

Chokecherry

Prunus virginiana

Arrowleaf Balsamroot

Balsamorhiza sagittata

Invasive, Non-native Plants in Idaho

Black Henbane

Hyoscyamus niger

Musk Thistle

Carduus nutans

Cheatgrass

Bromus tectorum

Dyer's Woad

Isatis tinctoria

Plants People Use

Woodland Strawberry

Fragaria vesca

Douglas Fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Ornamental

Chinese Hibiscus

(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Wheat

(Triticum aestivum)

Special Collections: Type Specimens

Specimen upon which a species description is based

Davis's stickseed

(Hackelia davisii Cronquist)

  • Named in honor of Ray J. Davis by Arthur Cronquist
  • Rare in Idaho & Globally
  • Endemic to Idaho

Salmon River Mountains Penstemon

(Penstemon salmonensis N. H. Holmgren)

  • Endangered in Idaho & Globally
  • Idaho Endemic
  • Described 2018

Special Collections: Oldest Plants in the Herbarium

>1000 specimens are 100 years old

Oldest Specimen in the Herbarium

Oldest Specimen

  • Sweet Vetch (Hedysarum songoricum)

  • Collected 1843, in the former USSR, by Karelin, one of the original botanists who described the species.

Oldest Specimen from Idaho in the Herbairum

  • Panicled Death Camas (Zigadenus paniculatus)

  • Collected 1892 by botanist J. H. Sandberg

  • Nez Perce County, On Peter Creek

Oldest Idaho Specimen

Oldest Specimen from Bannock County

  • Widewing spring parsley (Cymopterus purpurascens)

  • Collected 1931 by Ray J. Davis in Pocatello

Oldest Bannock County Specimen

Proofreading Data

Reviewing &

Georeferencing

-Determining precise geographic coordinates where a specimen was collected and uncertainty

-GeoLocate

Other Collections

Lichens

Crustose

Lichens

Fruticose

  • Symbiotic relationship between fungi and alga or cyanobacterium that acts as a mini-ecosystem with bacteria and invertebrates involved as well.

  • Over 1600 in the herbarium.

Foliose

Fungi

  • Kingdom more closely related to animals than plants.

  • Heterotrophic (i.e. can't make their own food).

  • Multicellular or uni-cellular.

  • Over 150 mushrooms in herbarium.

Algae

  • Nonflowering, commonly aquatic single-celled or multicellular plants that lack stems, roots, leaves, and vascular tissue.

  • 28 specimens, half freshwater/half saltwater

Bryophytes

  • Terrestrial plants lacking vascular tissue.

  • Mosses, hornworts, liverworts.

  • Over 200 in the collection.

Acknowledgments

Janet Bala, Affiliate Curator

Rick Williams, Emeritus Curator

Nikki Frey, Career Path Intern

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