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Canadian Immigration Policies Through The Years
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Throughout the years
1869
Canada's first Immigration Act
The first immigration act was put up in 1869, it discriminated against people based on class, race and disability. Although this act was put up for the sole purpose of protection of immigrants on their passage to Canada. At that time ships were overcrowded and passengers were not provided with necessary provisions. This act limited the amount of people aloud to board one ship deeming it necessary to provide healthcare and treat passengers with respect. Canada wanted to encourage settlement in the west to create a larger market for manufactured goods.
1881-1885
Canadian Railway
1881, A company in Canada was incorporated to create a transcontinental railroad, by the time the railway was completed it connected eastern Canada to B.C. Building this railway meant putting thousands of workers in dangerous conditions, including about 15k chinese laborers. Canada sent out ships to California and China as they were in need of workers for the railway. They paid chinese immigrants $1 per day which was $1.25 less than white workers, they were also given much more dangerous jobs. About 7 thousand chinese immigrants arrived in B.C for employment
1910-1920
1900's
In 1911, Canada considered banning black immigrants.
A revised act in 1919 excluded certain groups from entering Canada, these groups were communists, Mennonites, and Doukhobors (a sect of Russians). Many other groups with certain religious practices were prohibited from entering as well as people who came from countries that fought against Canada in the first world war (Austrians, Hungarians, and Turks). At this time, residential schools were open. Euro-centric and british people believed their culture was superior to others and wanted to assimilated groups of people for a more "modern" demographic.
1929-1933
Great Depression
Population rates throught the early 30's were at an all time low. The amount of immigrants accepted into Canada dropped to 12 thousands after being at 169 thousand. number of immigrants to Canada never rose above 17 thousand for the rest of the decade.
Amount of immigrants deported from Canada more than doubled, from less than 2 thousand in 1929 to 7.5 thousand only 3 years later. Due to the economy failing Canada had to turn away more immigrants than they ever had.
1940-1970
After Canada fought Britain for control in WW2, Canadian immigration policies began to ease due to booming economic status which lead to demand for labor. Economic needs of Canada changed, they needed highly skilled and educated immigrants. The year of 1947, the ban on chinese immigrants was lifted. Although Canada was in need of immigrants, their feeling of superiority overlooked their needs. The year of 1952 the new immigration act maintained Canada's discriminatory policies.
1970-1980
Immigration Act (1970-1980)
1978, the immigration act was enforced in Canada, this act promoted Canadian demographic, economic, and social goals. They also stated that Canada is prioritizing diversity, non-discrimination and family reunions. Refugees are now recognized as immigrants under this act. At this time around the world, peopled views and opinions on discrimination were changing drastically, even in the year of 1874 the first woman in Canada was recruited to the RCMP. We began to look at issues through a more liberal point of view
9/11
2000's
Due to the September 11, 2001, attack in New York Canada felt the need to replace it's 1976 immigration act with the immigration and refugee protection act. This act was put in action the year 2002, it maintained most of the principles of the 1976 act, but also included same-sex and common-law relationships. The main reason for this act to be put into action was to give the government more power to detain or deport immigrants landed in Canada if they were thought to be a threat to the country.
Photos/ memorial
What's 9/11
9/11 was a terrorist attack that took place in the year 2001, an islamic terrorist group hijacked a plane for a suicide mission. Planes were crashed into the World Trade Centers and Pentagon, this resulted in about 2,750 deaths in New York and about 184 at the Pentagon. All airports in America closed down, flights in air had to reroute, Canada played a host to about 38 airlines during this tragic event.
https://www.businessinsider.com/7-incredible-stories-of-heroism-on-911-2015-9
What was 9/11
2003-2006
In response to 9/11
2003, Canada Border Services Agency was created and combined with Canada customs, it was created in response to security concerns due to the 9/11 attack. The permanent resident card was also created for residents leave and re-entering Canada to ensure ensure maximal security. 2004, changes were introduced to selection for making appointments with IRB. 2006, right of permanent residence fee (right of landing fee) was decreased from $975 to $490. 2008, online application system for easier access to foreign students in need of work permits.
2010
2010's
Nearly 500 emigrants from Sri Lanka arrive on the coast of B.C making refugee claims. All of whom were detained and some were alleged terrorists. Due to ongoing conflict in Sri Lanka many children and citizens were forced to join Sri Lanka’s force, they even used civilians as human shields in combat. Canada’s refugee board accepted 85.5% of refugee claims from Sri Lanka during the first 6 months of 2010.
In 2011, Canada issued visas that had a 10 year duration in regards to the process of parents’ sponsorships. Due to Canada’s values they also increased the number of sponsored parents or family members by 60%.
2018
In 2018 1/3 of Canadian software engineers were lost to the United States, Canada is losing most of its graduates to the states; this is extremely harmful to our economy. This caused Canada to take in about 303 thousands immigrants that year. They were looking for more economic immigrants in these fields of work.
2018
Covid 19
2019
Canada broke another record by welcoming 341 thousand immigrants.
2020-2021
Canada welcomed less than 200 thousand immigrants the year of 2020 due to Covid 19, this was the first time Canada welcomed such an amount in about 30 years. As countries began closing their borders, Canada has been able to accept less and less immigrants which is beginning to worsen our economy. IRCC and provinces have been processing immigration applications while many countries are still under travel restrictions, reasons are to complete as many processing immigration applications as possible and to help our immigration system to recover after the pandemic as quickly as possible. Travel restrictions do have certain exceptions that allow close family of Canadian residents to travel to Canada. As IRCC adapts to the pandemic Canada is expecting to welcome over 200 immigrants to Canada the year of 2021. Our prime minister put in place new travel restrictions which will affect refugees and migrants. Due to COVID-19 Canada is now aiming to accept much more immigrants in the next couple of years or as borders begin to open. Canada is now allowing prior international students to apply to post gradutae work permits that will be valid for 18 months.