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Rise of Totalitarianism

What is it?

What is totalitarianism?

Totalitarianism:

Definition

a form of government where a one party dictatorship controls every aspect of citizen's lives

Key Players

Key Players

Benito Mussolini

Joseph Stalin

Hideki Tojo

Adolf Hitler

5 Year Plans

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted

Joseph Stalin

  • Stalin took all economic activity under government control
  • Series of 5 year plans had 3 main goals:

1. building industry

2. improving transportation

3. increasing farm output

Collectivization

Collectivization

  • Stalin felt private farms were a threat to government control
  • Collectives- state- owned farms
  • large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
  • FAILURE:
  • resistance led to kulaks being deported and killed
  • created FAMINE: 5-8 million people starved in the Ukraine alone

Great Purge

Gulag

a system of brutal labor camps where critics were sent

launched the Purge or Great Terror in 1934

  • targeted members of his own party, army heroes, managers, writers, and ordinary citizens

1936-1938- Show Trials

  • used fear to control people
  • cost him experts, talented writers and thinkers of the time

Mussolini

October 1922

1919- Rise of Fascism

  • Mussolini organized discontented Italians into the fascist party

Propaganda and indoctrination

  • fiery and charismatic speaker
  • used intense nationalism to unite
  • promised to bring Italy back to the greatness of the Roman Empire

Benito Mussolini

Post WW1

1922- March on Rome

  • Russian Rev inspired peasants in Italy to seize land and factories
  • returning veterans couldn't find jobs
  • trade declined and taxes increased
  • Government was made up of feuding factions
  • Fascists rallied in Naples and made a bid for power
  • tens of thousands swarmed the capital
  • King Vittorio Emmanuel III forced to make Mussolini the official PM

1920s

Blackshirts- combat squads

  • these were party militants
  • rejected democracy
  • used violence and terror
  • attacked protestors

Adolf Hitler

  • WW1 Veteran
  • inspired by Mussolini
  • adopted fascism and sought his own legal path to power

Weimar Republic Fails

  • Kaiser abdicated during WW1
  • moderate leaders forced to sign Treaty of Versailles
  • drafted a democratic constitution with a chancellor (PM)
  • Politically
  • fractured small parties can't agree
  • the people blamed Weimar gov. for the hated Treaty of Versailles

Weimar Republic

  • Economically
  • failed to make reparation payments
  • inflation spiraled out of control
  • 100 marks to 944,000 marks in only a year
  • French reduction of payments and US loans helped UNTIL Great Depression

The Third Reich

  • Hitler's great public speaking built his reputation
  • promised to end reparations, create jobs, and defy Versailles Treaty

Nazi Reforms

  • REFORMS:
  • created tens of thousands of public works jobs
  • Gestapo
  • secret police
  • Hitler used Gestapo to eliminate all threats to his power
  • Hitler was appointed chancellor legally
  • within a year was dictator
  • purged his party, destroyed socialists and communists
  • boasted the Third Reich and the master race would dominate Europe

1935

Nuremberg Laws: laws passed by the Nazi gov't that deprived Jews of German citizenship

Nuremberg Laws

Prohibited from:

  • marrying non- Jews
  • attending German schools or universities
  • holding gov't jobs
  • practicing law or medicine
  • publishing books
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