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Harley & Gabby- Cold War timeline
1950-1953
1940
The Eastern Bloc refers to a group of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe, generally understood to be the countries of the Warsaw Pact. It is used to refer to former communist states in Eastern and Central Europe which included of the Soviet Union, countries in the Warsaw Pact, and Albania and Yugoslavia. Joesph Stalin led this group.
May 8, 1945
- the unconditional surrender of the German armed forces was signed by Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel in Berlin, ending World War II for Germany. The German people were suddenly confronted by a situation never before experienced in their history, the entire German territory was occupied by foreign armies, cities and infrastructure were largely reduced to rubble, the country was flooded with millions of refugees from the east, and large portions of the population were suffering from hunger and the loss of their homes.
1945- 1949
military struggle for control of China waged between the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao Zedong. China was effectively divided into three regions. Nationalist China under control of the government, Communist China, and the areas occupied by Japan. Japan’s defeat set off a race between the Nationalists and Communists to control vital resources and population centers in northern China and Manchuria.
1948 - 1949
International crisis that arose from an attempt by the Soviet Union to force the Western Allied powers to abandon their post-World War II jurisdictions in West Berlin. It did not convince West Berliners to reject their allies in the West. Also, it did not prevented the creation of a unified West German state.
April 3, 1948
Also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid in the economic recovery of nations after WWII and to reduce the influence of Communist parties within them.
also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II. It was enacted in 1948 and provided more than $15 billion to help finance rebuilding efforts on the continent.
June 25 1950 - July 27, 1953
The Korean War began when the North Korean Communist army crossed the 38th Parallel and invaded non-Communist South Korea. Today, historians generally agree on several main causes of the Korean War, including: the spread of communism during the Cold War, American containment, and Japanese occupation of Korea during World War II. Neither side actually won the Korean War. In fact, the war goes on to this day, since the combatants never signed a peace treaty.
Cuban Revolution
Jul 26, 1953 – Jan 1, 1959
armed uprising in Cuba that overthrew the government of Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959. The revolution’s leader, Fidel Castro, went on to rule Cuba from 1959 to 2008. As a result of the Spanish-American War, control of Cuba passed from Spain to the United States on January 1, 1899, and it was governed by direct U.S. military administration until May 20, 1902. As a result of the Spanish-American War, control of Cuba passed from Spain to the United States on January 1, 1899, and it was governed by direct U.S. military administration until May 20, 1902.
November 1, 1955 - April 30, 1975
China had become communist in 1949 and communists were in control of North Vietnam. The USA was afraid that communism would spread to South Vietnam and then the rest of Asia. It decided to send money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese Government. The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Bay of Pigs invasion begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. The attack was an utter failure. Fidel Castro had been a concern to U.S. policymakers since he seized power in Cuba with a revolution in January 1959. In 1961 the United States sent trained Cuban exiles to Cuba to try and overthrow Fidel Castro's government. They failed miserably. The invasion is considered part of the Cold War because the United States was trying to prevent communism from taking hold in the Americas.
Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 19, 1961
August 13, 1961 - November 1991
In an effort to stem the tide of refugees attempting to leave East Berlin, the communist government of East Germany begins building the Berlin Wall to divide East and West Berlin. Construction of the wall caused a short-term crisis in U.S.-Soviet bloc relations, and the wall itself came to symbolize the Cold War. The wall symbolized the lack of freedom under communism. It symbolized the Cold War and divide between the communist Soviet bloc and the western democratic, capitalist bloc.
Construction started: 13 August 1961
Coordinates: 52°30′58″N 13°22′37″E
Demolished: 9 November 1989
Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off land in West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. In an effort to stem the tide of refugees attempting to leave East Berlin, the communist government of East Germany begins building the Berlin Wall to divide East and West Berlin. Construction of the wall caused a short-term crisis in U.S.-Soviet bloc relations, and the wall itself came to symbolize the Cold War.
October 16, 1962 - October 28, 1962
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev saw an opportunity to strengthen the relationship between the Soviet Union and Fidel Castro's Cuba and make good its promise to defend Cuba from the United States. In May 1960, Khrushchev began to ship ballistic missiles to Cuba and technicians to operate them. The Cuban Missile Crisis of was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
January 5, 1968 - August 28, 1968
it is unsuccessful trial to reform the totalitarian regime and it caused over 20 years long occupation of Czechoslovakia and with that tougher regime. It is important to note that many people took the advantage of the Prague Spring to emigrate to the West. The Prague Spring ended with a Soviet invasion, the removal of Alexander Dubcek as party leader and an end to reform within Czechoslovakia.
Dec 25, 1979 – Feb 15, 1989
In December 1979, in the middle of the Cold War, the Soviet 40th Army invaded Afghanistan in order to prop up the communist government of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan against a growing insurgency. The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known collectively as the mujahideen, as well as smaller Maoist groups, fought a guerrilla war against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the rural countryside.
Apr 15, 1989 – Jun 4, 1989
The catalyst for the chain of events in the spring of 1989 was the death of Hu in mid-April; Hu was transformed into a martyr for the cause of political liberalization. On the day of his funeral (April 22), tens of thousands of students gathered in Tienanmen Square demanding democratic and other reforms. It refers to the popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests during that period, sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement.
December 26, 1991
As the world watched in amazement, the Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism. Gorbachev's decision to loosen the Soviet yoke on the countries of Eastern Europe created an independent, democratic momentum that led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, and then the overthrow of Communist rule throughout Eastern Europe.