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HOW DID WW1 AFFECT PEOPLES HEALTH?

MIA PANIC - HISTORY

HOW WAS THE HEALTH OF SOLDIERS DURING WW1?

THE SOLDIERS

During World War I soldiers were faced with many harsh hits to their health physically and mentally. With the loss of their mates and the harsh reality of fighting and injuries being at war was very tough on everyone even including the thought of being away from family and friends for long periods.

Capt. James Patterson writes and explains his experience of WW1 and recounts how it affected him at the time.

HOW DID WW1 IMPACT SOLDIERS PHYSICAL HEALTH?

PHYSICAL HEALTH

A tremendous cost associated with the four years of trench warfare that characterised the European and other fronts. Machine guns, and barbed wire barricades were strongly favoured in this mechanically driven conflict. By the end of the war, Australia lost 166,811 battle casualties, including 58,961 fatalities, 4,098 prisoner or missing servicemen, and 87,865 people who were seriously ill; although the exact total number of lives lost will never be known. Many injuries were caused by bullet wounds due to the widespread usage of high-speed weapons, particularly machine guns. Bone and flesh were harmed causing loss of limbs, genital mutilation, and deformation of the face. In the trenches, many bacterial, viral, and parasitic illnesses spread among the hundreds of thousands of men due to unhealthy living conditions, such as bad food, little sleep, exposure to the cold, and contact with rodents and parasites. How To Keep Clean And Healthy In The Trenches 2022.

HOW DID WW1 AFFECT SOLDIERS MENTAL HEALTH?

MENTAL HEALTH

Veterans who underwent psychological trauma during the battle faced an extraordinary number of symptoms for the rest of their life. Veterans experienced a variety of symptoms, ranging from upsetting memories that they found impossible to forget to severe spells of catatonia and dread when their trauma was brought to mind. After World War 1, there were so many veterans exhibiting these symptoms that the term "battle stress reaction" was developed, which later became the basis for our present understanding of PTSD.

This experience continues to influence how the general public views PTSD, and some of the issues brought up by the psychological trauma of World War 1 haven't been fully addressed. Many of the essential concepts and challenges in treating PTSD were first recognised during World War 1, despite the fact that a lot has changed since then. Benjamin Russell Butterworth 2018.

DIARY ENTRANCE FROM WW1

DIARY ENTRANCE

Source 1: This is a diary entry from a soldier fighting in WW1, written on September 16th 1914 by Capt. James Patterson. He writes about his experience from his battle of Marne and Aisne and the deaths and injuries caused making this a primary source. The Trenches To The Web: British WWI Diaries Digitized 2014.

HOW DID WW1 AFFECT MENTAL HEALTH OF FAMILIES?

THE FAMILIES

Family members going away took a very hard toll on those staying behind. Speperation was difficult but something to get used to.

The fact that so many of their fathers of children were killed or injured in battle and that their moms started working long hours in the factories had a great impact on the children. Wikipedia Contributors 2022. Many went to fight in war with other family members, Gergoe explains how he feels after finding out about his brothers death.

Source 2: A letter from George, who went to war a week after being married and recently lost a brother to war.

(2022)

LETTER FROM A FAMILY MEMBER

Dear Nic

Of all I must thank you and… the others who sent me their kind letters of sympathy in regard to my brother Sam. We all felt it very much at home and it was a great shock to our parents naturally, but it can’t be helped, as he was killed in a good cause.

I suppose you have heard how we left Bedford early on Sunday 18/7/15 and had a lovely trip down the old firm to Keyham, we were well laden and I was glad to get aboard and get to my berth in which I am very comfortable with two other Warrant Officers. The men and Sergeants are on the troop deck and none too comfortable but are jogging along alright now.

...

Am in the best of health at present and hope to go through alright. I expect you heard I got married a week before I left, a lot of us did the same thing, it was quite a common occurrence

... How are things going at the office, I have been away nearly a year… I shall be glad to hear from you now and again just to keep in touch I must close now as they say a mail is being collected before we land Yours sincerely,

George

(The National Archives 2022)

TRANSCRIPT

REASONS FOR MARRIAGE

MARRIAGE

Many couples decided on marriage before husbands went to were. They did this because of their love for each other and to show that they will always be there for one another. On the other hand, many got married for the money involved with the ‘Soldiers separation allowance' because there was more support given to married people. Others got married because of pregnancy by for most of the time it was to show love. The 2016

AFFECT ON GENERATIONS TO COME?

GENERATIONS TO COME

It is commonly known that health consequences can have long-lasting repercussions over a person's lifetime, but there is growing knowledge that negative effects can persist through intergenerational biological systems. Recent research has underlined the ability of a mother's physiology and behaviour to protect her children from ecological pressures, but this protection is only partial, and exposure to conflict in one generation could possibly have negative impacts on succeeding generations. Although direct transmission of genetic changes themselves seems to be rare, modifications to DNA expression have emerged as important biological mechanisms supporting such intergenerational transmission The most common being mutation. Devakumar et al. 2014

FAMILY PORTRAIT FROM WW1

FAMILY PORTRAIT

Figure 3:

A family portrait taken with a child, mother, and soldier from war. ww1 families - Google Search 2013.

IMAGE REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Source 1: From The Trenches To The Web: British WWI Diaries Digitized 2014, NPR.org, viewed 31 October 2022, <https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/01/23/264532419/from-the-trenches-to-the-web-british-wwi-diaries-digitized>.

Source 2: 2022, Nationalarchives.gov.uk, viewed 4 November 2022, <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/rail-253-516-fww-letter-1-16.jpg>.

Source 3: ww1 families - Google Search 2013, Google.com, viewed 9 November 2022, <https://www.google.com/search?q=ww1+families&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjRy-XL6p_7AhVc_DgGHQpVBzAQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ww1+families&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIFCAAQgAQyBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQCBAeOgQIIxAnOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABBDOggIABCABBCxAzoHCAAQsQMQQ1CYBlibH2DqH2gBcAB4AIAB9QKIAcMZkgEGMi0xMC4ymAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWewAQrAAQE&sclient=img&ei=8PJqY9GTK9z44-EPiqqdgAM&bih=632&biw=1422&client=avast-a-2&safe=active#imgrc=tXAFvEv8iJhyqM>.

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

How To Keep Clean And Healthy In The Trenches 2022, Imperial War Museums, viewed 2 November 2022, <https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-to-keep-clean-and-healthy-in-the-trenches>.

Benjamin Russell Butterworth 2018, What World War I taught us about PTSD, The Conversation, viewed 4 November 2022, <https://theconversation.com/what-world-war-i-taught-us-about-ptsd-105613#:~:text=Psychological%20trauma%20experienced%20during%20the,when%20reminded%20of%20their%20trauma.>.

The National Archives 2022, ‘Dardanelles: “I got married a week before” - The National Archives’, The National Archives, viewed 4 November 2022, <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/letters-first-world-war-1915/dardanelles-got-married-week/>.

REFERENCES 2

REFERENCES 2

Wikipedia Contributors 2022, Effect of World War I on children in the United States, Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, viewed 7 November 2022, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_World_War_I_on_children_in_the_United_States>.

‌The 2016, Love and war - The National Archives, Home front stories, viewed 7 November 2022, <https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/home-front-stories/love-and-war/#:~:text=One%20pressing%20reason%20for%20a,the%20dependents%20of%20unmarried%20men.>.

Devakumar, D, Birch, M, Osrin, D, Sondorp, E & Wells, JC 2014, ‘The intergenerational effects of war on the health of children’, BMC Medicine, vol. 12, no. 1, viewed 9 November 2022, <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997818/>.

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