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The Direct Method

Avivit Dayan

Background

A method of teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language

Introduction

The Method Characteristic

Teaching concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual materials.

Teaching grammar by using an inductive approach

Centrality of spoken language

Focus on question-answer patterns

History of the Method

History

1850

1850

an alternative method in which language was presented in contexts and the mother tongue was avoided - The Direct Method

Europe experienced a wave of increasing opportunities of communication, due to industrialization and international trade and travel

The new situation created a need to develope a new Method which developes communicative ability in learners

Maximilian D. Berlitz

Maximilian D. Berlitz

1852-1941

One of its main proponents was the German Maximilian Berlitz, whose schools in the form of Berlitz International exist to this day.

objectives of the method

Objectives

Objectives of the method

The method aims to build a direct relation between experience and language, word and idea, thought and expression

This method intends for students to learn how to communicate in the target language

The learner should experience the new language in the same way as he experienced his mother tongue

Principles of the Method

Principles of the Method

Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language

Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the initial phase

Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression

Grammar is taught inductively

New teaching points are introduced orally

Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.

Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught

Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized

Student should be speaking approximately 80% of the time during the lesson

Students are taught from inception to ask questions as well as answer them

Types of Learning and Teaching Activities

Types of learning

Types of learning

Conversation practice

Reading aloud

Dictation

Paragraph Writing

Question answer exercise

Fill in the blank exercise

Teaching Activities and the Role of Instruction...

Teaching Activities and the Role of Instructional Materials

Visual support

Listening activities

Clear and simple examples

Stress free and supportive environment

Oral exercises and tasks

The Teacher and the Learner Roles

Students and teacher are partners in the learning process

The Teacher and the Learner Roles

The Learner Role

Students are very active

Oral communication skills are emphasized

There is a large amount of Learner-Learner interaction

The Teacher Role

Direct class activities

Encourage students to participate in class

Let the students correct their mistakes immediately

BY using various techniques, the teacher tries to get students to self-correct whenever possible

Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvanteges

Learning L2 is NOT like learning L1

Ignores systematic written work and reading activities

Learners run the risk of inducing incorrect rules

The method can be effectively used only by teachers who are native speakers

Does not suit or satisfy the needs of individual students in large classes

Inconvenient in a huge class

Does not teach grammar systematically

A great deal of teacher-energy is required

Less suitable for slow learners, who struggle with this method

Advantages

It follows the natural order in which a child learns L1, that is, listening, speaking, reading, writing

It lays great emphasis on speaking, the most important skill for many learners

It avoids the unnatural block of translation in the communication process

Learners learn the language, not about the language

Learners have an active role

Lively classroom procedures motivate the learner

The teaching of vocabulary through realia brings authenticity into the classroom

The learning is contextualised

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