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Practical v2
3
Practical
Sequential
Computer definition
Input -> Processing -> Output
Example of writing a program :-
Write a program that takes two inputs from the user and prints their sum
Z = A + B
Steps
Analysis
Analysis
Input:
A , B
Process:
A + B
Output:
z
Operators
Arithmetic
Logic
Assignment
- This operator assigns a value or an expression to a variable.
- The symbol used for this operator is an arrow pointing left:
Cost 10
Price Cost * 2
Tax Price * 0.14
Service Price * 0.12
PaidAmount Tax + Service
Design
Design
- We Design the algorithm
Algorithm is a steps needed to preform a task
There are two ways to design an algorithm:
Flowcharts
Flowchart
Flow chart of Z = A + B
Z = A + B
Psuedocode
Describes what an algorithm does using plain English Statements, Mathematical notations and keywords that are commonly found in high level language
Pseudocode
INPUT in psuedocode
In pseudocode we indicate the operation of taking input from users by either of the following keywords:
- INPUT
- READ
Input
OUTPUT in psuedocode
In pseudocode we indicate the operation of displaying a value or an output or any message by using either of the following keywords:
- OUTPUT
Output
Assignment operator
Assignment operator is used to assign the value or expression to a variable.
Assignment operator
Variable
- It is a named memory space which is used to store values.
- Variable usually stores two kind of information:
1- All the input values from user must be stored in a variable
2- Result of some mathematical operation must be stored in a variable.
- These are the rules while assigning name to a variable:
- There is no space in a variable name
- Variable name should not be a keyword of pseudocode
- Variable name should be relevant.
Solution in Psuedocode
INPUT A,B
Z <- A + B
OUTPUT Z
Data types
In order for a computer to process and store data effectively, we need to specify the data type of each variable
Declare A,B,Z : Integer
INPUT A,B
Z <- A + B
OUTPUT Z
Data types
Examples
Design a program that reads from the user three numbers and outputs the result according to the following equation:
Z = A*B+C
Design a program that inputs three numbers from the user and outputs the sum & average.
Design a program that input radius from the user and prints the circumference
Implementation
After designing the algorithm, the algorithm is transformed into code using a programming language
(for example: c++, java, python).
Testing
The last phase of the programming, this phase is done after implementation by testing how the program works, we will discuss this later.
Selection
Selection
IF CONDITIONS :
In computer science, conditional statements are features which perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false
Design a program that inputs a number and prints whether it’s positive or negative.
if True
Checking if the input more than 0
if False
DECLARE A : INTEGER
Input A
IF ( A > 0) THEN
OUTPUT "positive"
ELSE
OUTPUT "negative"
IF CONDITION
How does it work?
Examples
Design a program that inputs two numbers from the user and outputs the bigger one.
DECLARE Num1, Num2 : INTEGER
INPUT Num1
INPUT Num2
IF Num1 > Num2 THEN
OUTPUT "The bigger number is: ", Num1
ELSE
OUTPUT "The bigger number is: ", Num2
ENDIF
Design a program that inputs a number and prints whether it’s positive or negative
DECLARE Num: INTEGER
INPUT Num
IF Num > 0 THEN
OUTPUT "Positive"
ELSE
IF Num < 0 THEN
OUTPUT "Negative"
ENDIF
ENDIF
Design a program that inputs 2 exam scores. If the average score is greater than or equal to 50 then the program should print out “Passed” otherwise print “Failed”
DECLARE Exam1, Exam2 : INTEGER
DECLARE Avg : REAL
INPUT Exam1
INPUT Exam2
Avg <- (Exam1 + Exam2) / 2
IF Avg >= 50 THEN
OUTPUT "Passed"
ELSE
OUTPUT "Failed"
ENDIF
Design a program that inputs an age of a student. Produce an error message if the age is negative, otherwise print the age inputted.
DECLARE Age : INTEGER
INPUT Age
IF Age < 0 THEN
OUTPUT "This is an invalid age"
ELSE
OUTPUT "The student's age is: ", Age
ENDIF
Design a program that inputs two numbers from the user and outputs their division. DON’T FORGET TO VALIDATE.
DECLARE Num1, Num2 : INTEGER
DECLARE Result : REAL
INPUT Num1
INPUT Num2
IF Num2 = 0 THEN
OUTPUT "Invalid operation"
ELSE
Result <- Num1 / Num2
OUTPUT "The result is: ", Result
ENDIF
Design a program that inputs a number and prints whether it’s positive or negative or zero
DECLARE Num : INTEGER
INPUT Num
IF Num > 0 THEN
OUTPUT "Positive"
ELSE
IF Num < 0 THEN
OUTPUT "Negative"
ELSE
OUTPUT "Zero"
ENDIF
ENDIF
Design a program that takes two numbers from the user and displays the bigger the number or if they are equal print “equal”
DECLARE Num1, Num2 : INTEGER
INPUT Num1
INPUT Num2
IF Num1 > Num2 THEN
OUTPUT "The bigger number is: ", Num1
ELSE
IF Num2 > Num1 THEN
OUTPUT "The bigger number is: ", Num2
ELSE
OUTPUT "Both answers are equal"
ENDIF
ENDIF
Design a program that reads from the user the course number and outputs the course name according to the following :
DECLARE CourseNum: INTEGER
OUTPUT “Enter the course number”
INPUT CourseNum
IF CourseNum = 1 THEN
OUTPUT “Computer Science”
ELSE
IF CourseNum = 2 THEN
OUTPUT “ICT”
ELSE
IF CourseNum =3 THEN
OUTPUT “ Math”
ELSE
IF CourseNum =4 THEN
OUTPUT ”Bio”
ELSE
OUTPUT ”Invalid course number”
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
More Examples
Design a program that inputs a number and prints “Correct range” if the number is between 1 and 10 inclusive, otherwise the program outputs “Wrong range”
Design a program that inputs a number and prints “Correct range” if the number is between 50 and 90 (inclusive) or between -100 and -10 (exclusive), otherwise the program outputs “Wrong range”
Design a program that reads from the user three numbers and outputs the maximum.
Assume that the three numbers are different
Design a program that reads from the user his/her mark and outputs the grade according to the following grade boundaries:
Design a program, using pseudocode and flowchart, that takes the salary of 3 months (salaries cannot be negative) as inputs and output the financial status according to the following table:
A supermarket puts a discount according to the amount paid by its customers. Design a program that inputs the total of a receipt (before the discount) and then output the updated total that the customer should pay after applying the discount. The discounts are shown in this table:
Design a program that reads from the user the course number and outputs the course name according to the following :
Design a program that inputs a student’s class year and outputs the corresponding class name according to the following :
Design a program that inputs from the user the month number and outputs the number of days of this month
Given that :
-Jan, March, May, July, August, October, December have 31 days
-April, June, September, November have 30 days
-February has 28 days
Media
Here, we will learn how to include media on a web page.
<media>
1
The image tag <img> is self-closing and allows you to add an image to a web page.
2
3
1
2
The image tag has a required attribute called src, which must be set to the image’s source, or location of the image.
<img src="dog.jpg" alt="My Dog">
3
image description
image filename
The alt attribute allows you to provide a description of the image.
Images
A self-closing tag does not require a closing tag—content is contained within the opening tag rather than the opening and closing tags.
<Images>
Videos
<Videos>
3
The width and height attributes set the size of the video displayed in the browser.
<video src ="myVideo.mpr" width = "320"
1
height="340r" controls >
The video tag displays video and requires a src attribute with a link to the video source.
4
Video not supported
The controls attribute instructs the browser to include basic video controls such as pause, play, and skip.
2
</video>
Unlike the image tag, the video tag requires an opening and closing tag.
5
The text “Video not supported” will only be displayed if the browser is unable to load the video.
Your turn
From what you’ve learned here, you can make a basic webpage using HTML.
Create a web page with the heading “My Media,” and add some text using the paragraph tags to give an overview of the media you will use.
<your_turn>
Be sure to include at least one image and one video, and don’t forget to use the correct attributes.