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Cognitive Revolution - MCW
7
cognitive
Revolution
what happened
Kuhelika Bisht : 067 || Mahak Jain : 068 || Manavi Pandey : 070 || Mathew Jacob : 072 || Mayumi N : 073
the rise of the sapiens
the rise of the sapiens
origins
origin
- Species - genus - family
- Branching out of the Australipithecus from North East Africa 2.5 million years ago
defining characteristics of humans
- Large brain capacity
- Walking upright
human
Leap in food chain
domestication of fire
fire
- Cooking - increased options - contraction of intestine
- Warmth
- Protection - widened gap between man and animal
the spread of sapiens
theories
- Interbreeding Theory - impure Sapiens - if correct, all human species have same genes and no racial distinction
- Replacement Theory - pure Sapiens - if correct, it will validate racial theories - ‘political dynamite’ since genetic differences
what happened during THE COGNITIVE REVOLUTION
- Sapiens had populated East Africa 150,000 years ago, but they began to overrun the rest of planet Earth and drive the other human species to extinction only about 70,000 years
- · In fact, in the First recorded encounter between Sapiens and Neanderthals, the Neanderthals won.
- Their(archaic Sapiens) cognitive abilities – learning, remembering, communicating – were far more limited
- The appearance of new ways of thinking and communicating,
between 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, constitutes the
Cognitive Revolution
- What was so special about the new Sapiens language that it enabled
us to conquer the world?*
- Our language evolved as a way of gossiping
Ever since the Cognitive Revolution, Sapiens has thus been living in a
dual reality They were able to communicate both objective and imagined realities to eachother.
the Cognitive Revolution Homo sapiens has been able to revise its behaviour rapidly in accordance with changing needs
· The immense diversity of imagined realities that Sapiens invented, and the resulting diversity of behaviour patterns, are the main components of what we call ‘cultures’.
· From the Cognitive Revolution onwards, historical narratives replace biological theories as our primary means of explaining the development of homo sapiens.
Changes that took place
how hard wired is the human brain
modern man vs. pre-historic man
is one truly better ?
mental and biological capabilities
- You can take the person out of stone age but not the stone age out of a person
- Dietary practices - Gorging gene theory
- Interpersonal relationships
- Ancient commune theory
Practiced polygamy
Forced into nuclear families + monogamy
Incompatible with our biological
software
- Monogamous relationships
- Fear
limitations
mental and biological capabilities
- Variety of information
- Growth patterns, nourishing and poisonous foods, seasons, tools, facing dangerous animals, etc.
- Human collective today VS. Individual ancient foragers
problem of lack of archaeological evidence
- Less number of artifacts
- Solution : Anthropologists must refer to the present-day forager societies in order to make deductions about the ancestral forager societies. But the problem with this is :
- Influence by outside agricultural and industrial societies
- More harsh climatic conditions
the flood
the flood
how was mass extinction caused
Seafaring
societies
seafaring societies.
- Sapiens acquired the technology, the Organisational skills, and perhaps even the vision necessary to break out of Afro-Asia and settle the Outer World.
- 1st achievement was the colonization of Australia some 45,000 years ago
- first time any human had managed to leave the Afro-Asian ecological system – managed to cross from Afro-Asia to Australia.
- first time we had to fully adapt and change to a completely new ecosystem.
climate change:
- climate change in Australia was not significant as the world keeps on changing and those extinct mammals had survived enough cooling and heat cycles.
- when climate change causes mass extinctions, sea creatures are usually hit as hard as land dwellers. Yet there is no evidence of any significant disappearance of oceanic fauna 45,000 years ago
- mass extinctions akin to the archetypal Australian decimation occurred again and again whenever people settled another part of the Outer World.
excuse of climate change
Dromornis-bird
Diprotodon octatum was the largest ever marsupial
megafuana of Australia:
enormous & extinct
Australia
Giant kangaroos-Procoptodon
megafuana of south & north america:
enormous & extinct
jefferson's ground sloth south america
smilodon(saber tooth) and canis dirus( dire wolf)
America
macrauchenia- long snuted like llamas
glyptodon
mastodon & mammoth
how did we manage to massacre:
- 1st Large animals – the primary victims of the Australian extinction – breed slowly.
- 2nd mastered fire agriculture literally changed the ecology of large parts of Australia within a few short millennial
- combination of climate change and humans- fatal attack.
Impact of Cognitive Revolution on current and political affairs
Impact
outcomes of cognitive revolution
- Enhancement of human intelligence through genetic engineering.
- Artificial Intelligence to model genetically enhanced nervous systems.
- Breaking the laws of natural selection
- Cyborg Engineering
- The Human Brain Project
-Ethical, Political and Ideological issues being raised.
-Opinions of Human rights and Animal rights activists.
-Effect on geo-politics
bibliography
- https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/07/science/07neanderthal.html?action=click®ion=Masthead&pgtype=Homepage&module=SearchSubmit&contentCollection=Homepage&t=qry941#/Neanderthal&adxnnlx=1399522775-M4UYepmpHSqK4Hb6o2vl0g
- https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2013.0168
- http://nautil.us/issue/53/monsters/how-evolution-designed-your-fear
- https://www.gatesnotes.com/Books/Sapiens-A-Brief-History-of-Humankind
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/01/28/the-geopolitics-of-artificial-intelligence/#2676f87779e1
- Book - Sapiens : A brief history of mankind